大城市应对气候变化的可持续发展研究——以上海为例

在全球气候变化背景下,社会城镇规划与自然气候变化之间的关系越发密切,城镇规划体系需要纳入气候变化的影响并考虑适应气候变化的策略。首先以发达国家及世界著名大城市为参考,对美国、德国和日本在应对气候变化的城镇可持续发展规划方面的成功经验和实践措施分别进行了综述和提炼;然后,以上海为例,对照分析了我国大城市在城镇化过程中面临的气候变化挑战及存在的脆弱性,包括城镇发展规划与气候环境的相容性考虑不够、城镇化过程对气候环境的影响缺乏充分论证、城镇基础设施抵御气象灾害的能力较低、气候变化对城镇人体健康的影响未给予高度关注等;最后,指出了我国大城市应对气候变化的城镇可持续发展思路及重点方向,即充分考虑区域气候容量、大力构建生态绿色通风廊道;深入开展城镇功能布局的气候可行性论证和气象灾害风险评估;加强城市气候变化研究和实验,不断更新城市规划设计参数和标准规范;加大对脆弱人群和外来常住人口生命安全和人体健康监测预警;积极完善城镇化适应气候变化的机制等,以期为城镇发展体系的编制和应用提供参考和借鉴。

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LARGE CITIES FACING CLIMATE CHANGE——TAKING SHANGHAI AS AN EXAMPLE

Under the background of global climate change, the relationship between urban planning and climate change is becoming closer. For the establishment of urban planning systems, it is necessary to take the effects of climate change and the strategies of climate change adaptation into account. With developed countries and the world famous large cities as references, the successful experiences and practices of town's sustainable development for addressing climate change in the United States, Germany and Japan were summarized respectively. then, taking Shanghai as an example, the challenge of climate change faced by our large cities and their existing vulnerabilities in the process of urbanization were comparatively analyzed and summarized as follows:a insufficient consideration of the urban development planning and the compatibility of climate, an inadequate argument of the influence of the urbanization process on climate environment, a low standing ability of urban infrastructure against meteorological disasters and less attention to the impact of climate change on human health in cities and towns, etc. Lastly, several ideas or key directions of town's sustainable development in China for addressing climate change were put forward, including fully considering the capacity of regional climate and vigorously building ecological green ventilation gallery; Deeply carrying out the climate feasibility of the layout of urban functions and meteorological disaster risk assessment; Strengthening the urban climate change research and experiments, and constantly updating urban planning design parameters and standards; Enhancing the monitoring and early warning of life safety and body health for vulnerable groups and foreign resident population; Actively improving the mechanism for adaptation to climate change in the process of urbanization, etc., so as to offer reference for the preparation and application of urban development system in China.