西南山地丘陵区典型乡镇环境因素对农村新建居民点布局与复垦的影响差异分析

农村居民点作为中国城乡二元化的重要体现形式,是农村人地关系问题产生的主导因素和农村社会的基本单元。该文以重庆市石柱县临溪镇2010~2014年的新建居民点和复垦数据为主要数据源,采用偏离度和空间变异系数分析各环境因素对居民点新建与复垦分布的影响,并利用极值法对新建居民适宜区域和居民点复垦重点区域进行选择。结果表明:不同环境因素对新建居民点与居民点复垦的空间分布影响差异性明显,道路和场镇因素对2类居民点空间数量分布的影响最大。居民点复垦在道路与耕地2影响因素的偏离度最大值分别为0.69和–0.503,这2类因素是影响居民点复垦的主要因素。新建居民点在道路和坡度的偏离度值分别为–0.742和–0.106,该2类因素是影响新建居民点的关键因素。居民点复垦总体偏离度绝对值为1.53,对居民点总体布局的影响比新建居民点大。环境因素分级因子对新建与居民点复垦影响差异突出,新建居民点靠近城镇、道路、河流以及分布于6°~15°缓坡的趋向明显;居民点复垦远离城镇、道路及分布于陡坡的趋势突出。利用极值法研究发现,道路0~10 m和坡度6°~15°的分级因子组合为最适宜的新建居民点区域,道路大于40 m和耕地70~10 m的分级因子组合为居民点复垦的重点区域。该研究对典型山地丘陵区的新建农村居民点选址及复垦重点区域选择具有理论意义与实践价值。

ANALYSIS THE DIFFERENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCE ON RURAL NEW SETTLEMENTS LATOUT AND RECLAMATION IN SOUTHWEST HILLY TYPICAL AREA

The rural settlement was an important manifestation of the urban-rural dual structure in China. At the same time, it was a leading factor of rural human-land conflict,and a basic unit of rural social. The data, including new settlements and reclamation settlements in Shizhu district Linxi town of Chongqing from 2010 to 2014, were taken as main source. Applying deviation degree and spatial variation coefficient, the difference which each environment factor influence on new settlements reclamation settlements were analyzed. And maximum method was applied to select most suitable area for new settlements and key area for reclamation settlements. Results indicated that, the differences which each environment factor influence on spatial distribution of new settlements and reclamation settlements were obvious. The two environment factors, road and town, were the main influence factors on area proportion of new settlements and reclamation settlements. The maximum values of deviation degree which road and cultivated land influence on reclamation settlements were 0.69 and -0.503. Road and cultivated land were main environment factors influence on reclamation settlements. The maximum values of deviation degree which road and slope influence on new settlements were -0.742 and -0.106. Slope and road were the most key environment factors influence on new settlements. The total deviation degree absolute value of reclamation settlements was 1.53, which bigger than the value of new settlements. The influence of reclamation settlements was more obvious on distribution of total settlements than that in new settlements. Different environment classification factor had various influence on new settlements and reclamation settlements. The trend of new settlement near the town, road, river and distribution on the area with 6°-15° slope, was obvious. And the trend of reclamation settlements far away from road and town, distribution on the area with steep slope, was obvious too. The locations of most new settlements were trend to the area near town for convenience living. The more of reclamation settlements distributed with the far away road for inconvenient traffic. The locations of most new settlements had the trend near road also for convenient traffic. So, more reclamation settlements accompanied by the far distance away from road. The influences of river on new settlements and reclamation settlements were not obvious. The area, massive cultivate land nearby, was not selected to build new settlement usually for protecting cultivate land. And surrounding of the reclamation settlements, there were massive cultivate land distribution, for reclamation settlements helps to protect cultivate land. Accompanying with the elevation rising, the quantity of new settlements and reclamation settlement became less. There were more new settlements and reclamation settlement distributing in the area with gentle slope. Appling the maximum value method, it found that the areas which were the combination of distance from the road within 100 meters and had the slope between six to fifteen slopes can be priority new settlements layout. However, the areas with combination of the distance were more than 400 meters and there were few arable lands within 10 meters around can be chosen as reclamation settlements layout. The study has theoretical and practical value for selecting rural settlement location and choosing reclamation settlements in typical hilly areas. And there need more researches on applying study results to select new settlements location and key reclamation area. At the same time, how to use the results to optimize the settlement distribution need further study.