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Spatial distribution of trace elements in surface sediments of Hooghly (Ganges) river estuary in West Bengal,India |
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| Authors: | Trifuoggi Marco Ferrara Luciano Toscanesi Maria Mondal Priyanka Ponniah Jonathan Muthuswamy Sarkar Santosh Kumar Arienzo Michele |
| Institution: | 1.
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy ;2.Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700019, India ;3.Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P. 07340, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico ;4.Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy ; |
| Abstract: | The spatial distribution of trace elements in surface sediments of the Hooghly estuary was studied over the monsoons in 2014–2017. As, Cd, Ni, Pb and U were two- to sixteen-fold the crust means with increasing levels toward the estuary, with Ni peak during the post-monsoon. Pearson’s correlation matrix, cluster analysis, enrichment factors and pollution index revealed the anthropic source and association of trace elements with Fe, Mn and Al and of Pb with U. Geoaccumulation index revealed for Ni an extremely contaminated situation at the estuary water during monsoon and for Cd a heavily contaminated situation at freshwater location. The potential contamination index was >6; thus, sediments were very severely contaminated by As, Cd and Ni with worst situation for As and Cd at fresh and brackish water and during post-monsoon. The overall ecological risk was severe, 300≤RI<600 at all sites and seasons, especially after the monsoon, at fluvial and brackish locations. |
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