Floating particles with high copper concentration in the sea-surface microlayer |
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Authors: | Okamura Hideo Kano Kenta Yap Chee Kong Emmanouil Christina |
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Institution: | 1.Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami 5-1-1 Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan ;2.Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Fukaeminami 5-1-1 Higashinada, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan ;3.Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia ;4.School of Spatial Planning and Development, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece ; |
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Abstract: | This study sought to clarify whether suspended particles containing high Cu concentrations are present in the sea-surface microlayer (S-SML). For this reason, suspended particles (10–2000 μm) in the S-SML were collected periodically from a ship mooring pond during 2018–2020, and the acid-soluble Cu concentration in the suspended particles was measured as particulate Cu (P-Cu). The highest concentration of P-Cu in the S-SML of the pond was 75 μg L?1 with a 90th percentile value of 2.5 μg L?1. This is below P-Cu values reported for the S-SML in North American ports, but 140 times higher than this found in bulk seawater in the Atlantic Ocean. The highest P-Cu concentration in the S-SML of non-organism (abiotic) origin was 17 μg L?1, and the abiotic P-Cu to P-Cu ratio varied from 0.2 to 100%, likely depending on the quality and quantity of biogenic material in the S-SML samples. It is assumed that the S-SML particles examined here contain high Cu concentrations originating from ship antifouling paints. |
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