水资源持续利用的特性与原理

随着可持续发展战略的推进与实施，水资源持续利用成为可持续发展研究的重要内容，也是水资源学科和开发利用水资源中要研究的重要课题。水资源具有别于其它资源的独有特性，基于可持续发展理论分析了水资源的基本特性，包括自然特性、社会特性和经济特性。水资源的这些独有特性决定了在实现水资源持续利用中必须服从的原理。用系统学理论、公共选择理论、福利经济学理论、资源分配和市场经济理论，分析了这些基本原理。这些原理揭示了水资源利用自然、社会和经济运动规律，试图为实现水资源持续利用提供指导原则和规划思想。

CHARACTERISTICS AND PRINCIPLES GOVERNING UTILIZATION SUSTAINABLITY OF WATER RESOURCES

With the increasing awareness of sustainable development, the utilization sustainablity of water resource is becoming to the major concern in water resource science. Water resources possess the distinctive characteristics from other resources. Based on the theory of sustainable de- velopment, this paper analyses the basic characteristics of water resources, including the natural, social and economic ones. The distinctive characteristics imply that sustainable utilization of water resources has to obey to the principles, which reveal the basic laws of natural, social and economic changes in the utilization of water resources. In the paper, the basic principles, including whole, coorination, fairness and optimality principles, are revealed and analysed in terms of the theory of system theory, choice theory, welfare economics, resource allocation and market economics. The principles provide the correct line of guidance and programing ideas for the implement of utilization sustainable of water resources.