化学品环境管理全球治理格局与中国管理体制的完善

全球化的今天,以欧盟化学品注册、评估、许可制度(REACH)为代表的化学品环境管理政策和制度日益显示出广泛的国际影响;POPs公约等国际公约的签署、全球统一的化学品分类和标识系统(GHS)的推广及国际化学品管理战略步骤(SAICM)的提出愈发表明,化学品环境管理正呈现出各国联动、彼此影响的全球治理格局.但作为世界化学品生产和使用大国,我国化学品产业发展和管理水平落后,化学品环境污染及健康风险问题日渐突出,主要表现在:以职业安全管理为主体的化学品管理体制相对落后,化学品环境管理立法薄弱,制度不健全.研究认为,推行GHS系统,建立专门化学品环境管理行政法规或综合法律,建立行政协调机制及现有化学品风险评价、优先风险管理以及污染排放、转移和登记(PRTR)制度,完善有毒污染物环境监测制度和重大危险源管理制度,加强新化学品申报登记管理相关制度间的协调,将是中国化学品环境管理发展完善的重要方面.

Global Governance on Environmentally Sound Management of Chemicals and Improvement Requirements for China's System

Nowadays with globalization of the world,regional policies and regulations on environmentally sound management of chemicals in developed countries are exercising more and more influence to other countries in the world.One example is EU's future policy on chemical management and registration,evaluation and authorisation of chemicals system(REACH).International conventions on environmentally sound management of chemicals like Stockholm Convention on POPs,globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals(GHS),and newly achieved strategic approach to international chemicals management(SAICM) further indicate that the global governance on environmentally sound management of chemicals is coming into being.As a developing country with huge and quickly increasing production and consumption of chemicals,traditional occupational safety management leading institutional system on chemical management,weak legislations and unsound regulatory system environmental management on chemicals are cumbering the environmentally sound management of chemicals in China.Implementing GHS system,setting up specific regulation on environmental management or a comprehensive legislation on chemical management,sector coordination mechanism,risk assessment and risk management system for prior hazardous chemicals and pollutant release and transfer registers(PRTR),and improving monitoring system,significant hazardous source control system and registration system for new chemicals will be the major aspects for China to build a sound environmental management system on chemicals.