Does biodiversity of estuarine phytoplankton depend on hydrology? |
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| Institution: | 1. IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, Centre for Ecological Modelling, DCEA-FCT, Qta. Torre, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal;2. University of Groningen, Biological Center, Department of Marine Biology, Kerklaan 30, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren (Gn), The Netherlands;3. NOAA-National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;1. NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands;2. Utrecht University, Faculty of Geosciences, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China;2. Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China;3. Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada;4. Department of Environmental Sciences, School of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA;5. Ecosystem Dynamics Research Group, Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan;1. Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Brazil;2. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark;1. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea;2. Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 443-270, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Phytoplankton growth in estuaries is controlled by factors such as flushing, salinity tolerance, light, nutrients and grazing. Here, we show that biodiversity of estuarine phytoplankton is related to flushing, and illustrate this for some European estuaries.The implications for the definition of reference conditions for quality elements in estuaries of different types are examined, leading to the conclusion that constraints on the number of estuarine and coastal types that may be defined for management purposes require that quality classes take into account natural variability within types, in order to be ecologically meaningful. We develop a screening model to predict the growth rate required for a phytoplankton species to be present under different flushing conditions and apply it to estuaries in the EU and US to show how changes in physical forcing may alter biodiversity. Additional results are presented on the consequences for eutrophication, showing that changes in residence time may interact with species-specific nutrient uptake rates to cause shifts in species composition, potentially leading to effects such as harmful algal blooms.We discuss applications for integrated coastal zone management, and propose an approach to normalization of estuarine phytoplankton composition as regards species numbers. |
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