8种典型PhACs在水中的赋存、生态风险及其对大型溞的影响

检测了8种典型的药物活性化合物(PhACs)在污水处理厂尾水受纳河流中的赋存情况.结果显示8种PhACs夏、冬两季总浓度范围分别为27.6～226.4 ng·L~(-1)和56.6～368.8 ng·L~(-1),其中咖啡因的浓度最高(16.2～125.8 ng·L~(-1)),其次是罗红霉素(3.3～89.2 ng·L~(-1))和布洛芬(3.6～59.2 ng·L~(-1)). 8种PhACs对绿藻、溞类和鱼类的总体生态风险(MRQ)在夏、冬两季分别为1.51、 0.08、 5.68和8.34、 0.22、 6.45,其中酮康唑、红霉素和布洛芬对藻类、溞类和鱼类MRQ的贡献率分别达到了49%、 85%和92%以上.从敏感物种来看,冬季绿藻对PhACs最为敏感,夏季鱼类对PhACs最为敏感.环境浓度下PhACs对大型溞21 d混合暴露实验结果显示:混合PhACs能够显著干扰大型溞的生长、生殖情况,显著提升了大型溞生殖能力和游泳活性,降低了心脏和胸肢跳动频率.

Occurrence and Ecological Risk of Eight Typical PhACs in Surface Water and Its Impact on Daphnia magna

The occurrence and risk assessment of eight typical pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in a receiving water body of wastewater treatment plant effluent were investigated. The results showed that the total concentrations of eight PhACs in summer and winter ranged from 27.6 to 226.4 ng·L^-1 and 56.6 to 368.8 ng·L^-1, respectively. The concentration of caffeine (16.2-125.8 ng·L^-1) was highest, followed by roxithromycin (3.3-89.2 ng·L^-1) and ibuprofen (3.6-59.2 ng·L^-1). The total ecological risks (mixture risk quotients, MRQ) of eight PhACs to green algae, daphnia, and fish were 1.51, 0.08, and 5.68 in summer and 8.34, 0.22, and 6.45 in winter, respectively. The contribution rates of ketoconazole, erythromycin, and ibuprofen exceeded 49%, 85%, and 92% for MRQ in green algae, daphnia, and fish, respectively. In terms of sensitive species, green algae and fish are the most sensitive to PhACs in winter and summer, respectively. The results of 21 d chronic toxicity showed that mixed PhACs effect normal development and reproduction of Daphnia magna, resulting in an increase in reproductive capacity and swimming activity, and a reduction in heart rate and thoracic limb activity.