城郊流域源汇景观格局与水体抗生素的关系

阐明城郊地区土地利用格局对水体抗生素的影响,对于维护水质安全和城乡居民健康具有重要意义.本研究以长三角典型城郊宁波樟溪流域为例,基于不同子流域定位监测,研究了城郊流域水体抗生素的组成和分布特征,基于源汇景观模型探讨了流域源汇景观格局特征对水体抗生素的影响.结果表明,不同子流域水体抗生素含量和种类存在较大差异,抗生素的浓度变化范围为1.12～53.74 ng·L~(-1).景观分析表明研究区从上游到下游"源"景观的面积逐渐增大,而"汇"景观的面积逐渐减小.不同子流域水体抗生素的非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)发现具有相似源汇景观格局的子流域水体抗生素组成和含量具有一定的相似性.土地利用的组成及其在海拔、坡度和距离上的分布都对水体抗生素浓度有不同程度的影响.相关分析和冗余分析(RDA)表明,源汇景观负荷比指数(LWLI)与水体抗生素浓度呈正相关关系,子流域LWLI越大其水体抗生素浓度越高.通过流域景观格局优化,使"源""汇"景观在空间上合理分布,可以减少水体抗生素污染.

Relationship Between Source-Sink Landscape Pattern and Antibiotics in Surface Water in Peri-urban Watershed

Quantitively identifying the effect of land use patterns on antibiotics in surface water has significance in maintaining water quality and protecting residents'' health in urban and rural regions. In this study, a typical peri-urban watershed, located in the Yangtze River Delta, was selected as the study area. Based on surface water sampling, laboratory analysis, and source-sink landscape model (SSLM) analysis, the component and distribution characteristics of antibiotics in surface water in different sub-watersheds were analyzed. The effects of source and sink landscape patterns on antibiotic concentrations in surface water were identified. The results of this study showed substantial differences in types and concentrations of antibiotics in surface water in different sub-watersheds. The total concentrations of antibiotics in surface water ranged from 1.12 ng·L^-1 to 53.74 ng·L^-1. From upstream to downstream, the area of "source" landscape increased, and the area of "sink" landscape decreased based on landscape pattern analysis. The results of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed that sub-watersheds with similar "source-sink" landscape patterns were detected as having similar antibiotics types and concentrations in surface water. Land use composition, distance, elevation, and slope degree had substantial impacts on antibiotic concentrations in surface water. The results of this study also found that location-weighted landscape index (LWLI) was positive correlated with antibiotics concentrations in surface water based on correlation analysis and redundancy analysis. The sub-watersheds with high LWLI values usually had relatively higher antibiotic concentrations in surface water. This study indicated that optimization of "source" and "sink" landscapes at the watershed scale can decrease antibiotic contamination in surface water. Furthermore, SSLM is an effective tool in landscape optimization at the watershed scale.