What life-cycle assessment does and does not do in assessments of waste management |
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| Authors: | Ekvall Tomas Assefa Getachew Björklund Anna Eriksson Ola Finnveden Göran |
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| Institution: | 1. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 5302, SE-400 14 Göteborg, Sweden;2. Industrial Ecology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Environmental Strategies Research – FMS, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;4. Technology and Built Environment, University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden;1. National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangluru 575 025, Karnataka, India;2. CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, Maharashtra, India;3. United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNU-FLORES), Ammonstrasse 74, 01067 Dresden, Germany;1. School of Technology, University of Campinas, Rua Paschoal Marmo, 1888, 13484-332 Limeira, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;1. Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Bloco 2, Sala 4628, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 31270-901, Brazil;2. Federal University of Viçosa, Rodovia MG-230, Km 7, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais CEP: 38810-000, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | In assessments of the environmental impacts of waste management, life-cycle assessment (LCA) helps expanding the perspective beyond the waste management system. This is important, since the indirect environmental impacts caused by surrounding systems, such as energy and material production, often override the direct impacts of the waste management system itself. However, the applicability of LCA for waste management planning and policy-making is restricted by certain limitations, some of which are characteristics inherent to LCA methodology as such, and some of which are relevant specifically in the context of waste management. Several of them are relevant also for other types of systems analysis. We have identified and discussed such characteristics with regard to how they may restrict the applicability of LCA in the context of waste management. Efforts to improve LCA with regard to these aspects are also described. We also identify what other tools are available for investigating issues that cannot be adequately dealt with by traditional LCA models, and discuss whether LCA methodology should be expanded rather than complemented by other tools to increase its scope and applicability. |
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