Ammonia emissions from two mechanically ventilated UK livestock buildings |
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| Institution: | 1. Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford MK45 4HS, UK;2. University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK;1. College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China;2. Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, 150030, China;3. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;4. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China;1. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 3105 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011-3310, USA;2. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 1202 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011-3310, USA;3. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, 1242 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011-3310, USA;4. Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, 237 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA;5. College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Resource Development, 120 Morgan Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;1. School of Bioresources and Technology, KingMongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand;2. UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, IMT Atlantique, Campus de Nantes, La Chantrerie, 4 Rue Alfred Kastler, CS 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France;1. Institute of Information Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;2. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;3. Institute of Electric and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;1. Wageningen UR Livestock Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands;2. Dept. of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Research Centre Foulum, 8830, Tjele, Denmark;3. Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture (TI-AK), Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany;4. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany;5. Agroscope, Inst. For Livestock Sciences, P.O. Box 64, CH-1725, Posieux, Switzerland;6. Dept. of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark;7. Rothamsted Research - North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK;8. Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Postbus 24500, 2490 HA, Den Haag, the Netherlands;9. Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Laenggasse 85, CH-3052, Zollikofen, Switzerland;10. Ricardo Ltd, Gemini Building, Harwell, OX11 0QB, UK |
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| Abstract: | Ammonia emission rates from livestock buildings are required to construct an accurate emission inventory for the UK. Ventilation and ammonia emission rates from a fattening pig unit and a broiler house, both mechanically ventilated, were estimated using fan wheel anemometers and thermal converters with a chemiluminescence NOx-analyser to measure the ventilation rate and the ammonia concentration, respectively. The estimated ammonia emission factors were 46.9 and 16.6 kg lu-1 a-1 for the fattening pig unit and the broiler house, respectively. Both emission factors were within the range reported in the literature. A tracer gas (CO) method, based on a constant tracer release rate, was validated for measuring ventilation rates from naturally ventilated livestock buildings. Air inlets and outlets were identified using the air temperature or tracer concentration in the opening. Tracer concentration was found to be a more suitable criterion than temperature. In both houses, a significant correlation between the estimated ventilation rate using the tracer method and the measured ventilation rate using fan wheel anemometers was found. The ventilation rate was underestimated by 12 and 6% for the piggery and broiler house, respectively. The instantaneous ammonia emission derived from the tracer gas method was lower than the ammonia emission derived from the fan wheel anemometer method by 14 and 16% for the piggery and broiler house, respectively. The ventilation and ammonia emission estimates using the tracer method were within acceptable range from the ventilation and emission rates measured using measuring fans, but because of its accuracy and simplicity the fan wheel anemometer method is preferred for long-term measurements of ventilation rate in mechanically ventilated buildings. |
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