Fast and quantitative measurement of benzene,toluene and C2-benzenes in automotive exhaust during transient engine operation with and without catalytic exhaust gas treatment |
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| Institution: | 9. Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeca e Pescoco e Otorrinolaringologia, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, BR;99. Grupo de Epidemiologia e Estatistica em Cancer, Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, BR;999. Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Institute of Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR;1. CNRS UPS44, CIPA, PHENOMIN-TAAM, Orléans, Tours, France;2. EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Université de Tours, Tours, Tours, France;3. Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, Tours, France;4. Department of Digestive, Oncological, Endocrine, Hepato-Biliary, Pancreatic and Liver Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France;5. Technologie-orientierte Partikel-, Analysen- und Sensortechnik, Topas GmbH, Dresden, Germany;6. Research Group Mechanical Process Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany;7. Chirurgische Klinik I, Mathias-Spital Rheine, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Time-Resolved Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) has been used to investigate the emission profiles of benzene, toluene and the C2-benzenes (xylenes and ethyl benzene) in automotive exhaust during transient engine operation. On-line emission measurements with a frequency of 1–5 Hz clearly identified the critical driving conditions that are mainly responsible for the overall aromatic hydrocarbon emissions. The passenger car, equipped with a catalytic converter showed significant BTXE-emissions only in the first part of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) due to sub-optimal catalyst temperature. On the same car without a catalytic converter, emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons were detected over the entire test run and the benzene–toluene mixing ratios of the exhaust gas were rather constant. With catalytic exhaust gas treatment the observed benzene–toluene mixing ratios varied to a greater extent reflecting predominantly different catalytic converter conditions. The average molar ratio of benzene over toluene rose from 0.33 to 0.53 upon exhaust gas treatment. With catalytic converter the emissions during extra urban (EUDC) driving repeatedly showed benzene–toluene mixing ratios >1 and an average molar benzene/toluene ratio of 0.74 was detected during the EUDC part of the driving cycle. Whereas the total hydrocarbon (T.HC) emissions were decreased by 83% upon exhaust gas treatment the overall reduction of the benzene emissions was only 70%. |
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