地铁火灾场景设计的初步研究

现阶段地铁火灾研究的主要工具是计算机模拟,而模拟计算结果准确与否很大程度上取决于火灾场景选取得是否恰当.本文通过对地铁站内的可燃物状况和已发生地铁火灾情况的仔细调查与分析,设定出了几种典型的地铁火灾场景,为地铁火灾模拟计算提供了依据.

Preliminary study on fire scenario's design of subway fires

The present article intends to introduce the authors' investigation of the subway fire prevention and fighting. As we know, in recently years, computational simulation has been the primary way for studying the subway fire disasters. However, the veracity of the simulation' results relies greatly on the rationality of the fire scenarios; therefore, it is of great urgency to be good at laying out the scenarios of subway fire disasters. It is just in hope to solve this problem that the paper has focused on the study of the combustible distribution of the subway fires and analyzed the situations in the past subway fires. Through the investigation it has been found that the great mass of subway fire usually occur in the subway cars, where the combustible materials also prove much denser and thicker than other parts of the subway system. It is natural that there exist some combustibles on the platform and the subway station hall, however, it is still less likely for the fire to get started than in subway cars. Moreover, there exists also little combustible material in the subway tunnel, where the probability to get fire can even be ignored. Thus, this paper has worked out four kinds of typical subway fire scenarios based on the investigation and statistical results of recent years' subway fire incidents. Of all the liabilities to get fire in the subway system, the most dangerous of all the fire-catching scenarios is the subway cars, whose maximum heat-releasing rate could be reached up to 6 MW, while the other scenarios prove to be more secure than the car fire scenario. The above scenarios can thus be made to turn the experimental data into a heat releasing rate curve.