开花后小麦地上部镉、砷分布及其转运特征

为了探明小麦开花后叶片和茎节对籽粒中镉(Cd)和砷(As)累积的影响效应，采用田间小区试验，研究了山农28(SN28)和济麦22(JM22)两个小麦品种地上部各器官Cd和As的分布规律和迁移特征.结果表明，在灌浆期，小麦地上部的Cd主要分布在节中，Cd由节间3到节2、节间2到节1和叶鞘1到节1的转运能力显著强于其他部位.在成熟期，Cd主要分布于叶片中，Cd由叶鞘到叶片和由节1到穗轴的转运能力显著增强.此外，JM22中颖壳到穗轴和穗轴到籽粒的Cd转运能力显著低于SN28,使JM22的穗轴、颖壳和籽粒中Cd含量与SN28相比分别显著降低了22.3%、 40.8%和44.4%.同时，从灌浆期到成熟期小麦地上部的As主要分布于叶片中，且JM22颖壳和籽粒中As含量显著低于SN28,降幅分别为25.8%和33.3%.在灌浆期和成熟期，小麦中As转运系数由叶鞘到节显著高于叶到叶鞘和节到节间，平均增幅为438%和190%.此外，JM22中As由颖壳到籽粒和穗轴到籽粒的转运系数分别比SN28显著降低40.6%和44.4%.总之，开花后小麦旗叶、节1和穗轴调控了Cd转运及其在籽粒的累积，而小麦的叶3、旗...

Distribution and Transport of Cadmium and Arsenic in Different Aboveground Parts of Wheat After Flowering

To investigate the effects of leaves and stems on the accumulation and transport of cadmium(Cd) and arsenic(As) in wheat shoots after flowering, a field experiment was conducted in a typical Cd and As co-contaminated agricultural land to explore the distribution and translocation of Cd and As in the different parts of two wheat cultivars after flowering. The results showed that Cd was mainly distributed in the nodes of two varieties, and the translocation factors of Cd from internode 3 to node 2, from internode 2 to node 1, and from sheath 1 to node 1 were markedly higher than those of other aboveground parts during the grain-filling stage. However, Cd was mainly distributed in the leaves, and the translocation factors of Cd from sheath to leaf and from node 1 to rachis was significantly higher than those of other parts at the mature stage. In addition, the transport capacity of Cd from glume to rachis and from rachis to grain in JM22 was significantly lower than that in SN28, which significantly reduced Cd concentrations in the rachis, glume, and grain of JM22 by 22.3%, 40.8%, and 44.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, As was mainly distributed in the wheat leaves from the grain-filling stage to the mature stage, and As concentrations in the glume and grain of JM22 were 25.8% and 33.3% lower than those of SN28, respectively. Additionally, the translocation factors of As from the sheath to the node were significantly 438% and 190% higher than that from leaf to sheath and from node to internode during the whole grain filling stage and mature stage. Moreover, the translocation factors of As from glumes to grains and from rachis to grains in JM22 were 40.6% and 44.4% lower than that in SN28, respectively. In summary, flag leaf, node 1, and the rachis had regulated Cd transport and accumulation in wheat grains, whereas leaf 3, flag leaf, node 1, the glumes, and the rachis were mainly responsible for As transport and accumulation in wheat grains.