秦岭安河矿区地表水、沉积物重金属污染研究

以秦岭安河铅锌矿开采区和选矿区为研究范围,通过现场调查和系统采集地表水、沉积物样品,借助原子吸收分光光度计测试样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr 5种重金属全量,并对不同重金属的形态含量进行了测定,综合分析了各类重金属在地表水、沉积物中的富集迁移规律,实现了重金属污染程度的综合评价。结果表明:矿区沟道地表水、沉积物已受到严重的重金属污染,重金属元素自上游到下游呈累积现象。下游地表水重金属含量超出农田灌溉用水水质要求。中游、下游沉积物重金属污染指数达到Ⅲ级污染,主要污染物为Pb、Zn。沉积物中重金属的有效态所占比例较高,对周围环境直接威胁大,显示出外源重金属直接注入的特征。

Study on Heavy Metal Pollution Present Situation of Surface Water and Polluted Sediments in Qinling,Ann River Mining Area

Taking Qinling, Ann River lead-zinc mining area and ore dressing area as the research scope,through field investigation and sampling surface water and sediments,this paper tested 5 heavy metals'contents,including Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Cr,by atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS),and determined the form contents of the heavy metal.The enrichment and migration of heavy metals in surface water and sediments were analyzed to give the comprehensive assessment of heavy metal pollution degree.The results showed that:the surface water and sediments of mine channel had been seriously polluted,which the heavy metal elements accumulated from upstreatn to downstream.Heavy metal content in downstream was out of the range of field irrigation water quality.The pollution indexes of sediments in mid-downstream wereⅢ grade,the main pollutants were Pb and Zn.In sediments,the available heavy metals had a higher proportion,which showed direct injection characteristics and caused direct threat to environment.