化工火灾事故调查方法研究

为克服化工火灾调查中人为因素的影响,增强事故调查的科学性和准确性,在总结化工火灾现场特点的基础上,提出化工火灾事故调查时应遵循的假设推理法,通过证据收集、分析资料、建立假设、检验假设和选择假设,构建化工火灾事故调查的证据系统,包括实物证据,位置证据、文件证据和人证,从火灾动力学角度分析了火灾痕迹的影响因素。结果表明:假设推理法重视证据收集,综合使用归纳推理和演绎推理,有助于避免主观判断的影响;采用系统方法收集证据,扩大证据收集的范围,列举证据清单和优先考虑敏感性证据的方法有助于提高调查效率;火灾行为、材料的热响应和灭火行动对火灾痕迹的形成有直接影响,分析时应充分考虑,以免作出错误的判断。

Study on Fire Accident Investigation Method in Chemical Industry

In order to avoid subjective assumption and improve the scientificity and accuracy of accident investigation,firstly the characteristics of chemical fire at the scene were summed up,and the hypothetical reasoning in chemical fire investigation was proposed,which includes defining the problem,collecting data,analyzing the data,developing a hypothesis,testing the hypothesis and selecting final hypothesis.Then,the proof systems for chemical fire investigation were built,including physical evidence,position evidence,paper evidence and human testimony.The Influence factors of fire patterns were analyzed from the angle of fire dynamics.The results show that: the hypothetical reasoning method can help avoid subjective judgments due to emphasizing evidence collection and synthetically applying inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning.The systematic approach broadens the scope of evidence gathering during an investigation.And making a list of the proof and giving priority to the sensitivity help to improve the effectiveness of investigations.Fire behaviors,thermal responses of materials and fire suppression efforts have a direct impact on the formation of fire marks,which should be fully considered in fire investigation in order to avoid making wrong judgments.