工伤保险在社保制度中的排序变化及其内涵

目前我国常见的社会保险制度排序是养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险,工伤保险制度位列第四位;而在计划经济时期的劳动保险制度系列中,工伤待遇规定曾位居第一位,尔后才是医疗待遇规定、养老待遇规定和生育待遇规定。上述排序变化的出现不会是立法者的偶然随意之为,而是以实行市场经济体制改革后我国劳动者-企业-国家之"三方关系"出现的根本性变化为背景原因的,与制度本身从一种面向牺牲了个人安全和健康的建设功臣们实施的国家慰谢待遇向以分散风险、损失共担为机理的保险制度发生的转化密切相关。针对近年来极端劳资纠纷事件增多的趋势,我国的劳动安全管理及工伤保险立法决策还应更加注重向弱势劳动者的倾斜。

The Change of Ranking Order of Work Injury Insurance in Social Security Systems and Its Connotation

Currently,the ranking order of social security systems in China is endowment insurance,hospitalization insurance,unemployment insurance,work injury insurance and maternity insurance,and thework injury insurance ranks the 4th place. However,in the labor insurance system implemented in the period of planned economy,the work-related injury insurance ranked the 1st place,then the medical treatment provision,aged treatment provision and generation treatment provision. The change of the ranking order is not because of the lawmakers'unconscious behavior verily,but because of the ultimate change of thetripartite relations which include laborers,corporations and country since the market economy system reform,and because of the change of institution itself from the national consolatory and acknowledgement institution which requires sacrificing the personal interest to the work injury insurance mechanism which requires spreading and sharing risk. Recently,there is a growing tendency for extreme labor dispute,so China's work safety management and legislative decisions on work-related injury insurance should pay more attention to the disadvantaged labor group.