水体中铊对泥鳅外周血红细胞的遗传毒性的时效性

铊(T1)是剧毒的重金属元素,会对生态环境和人体健康造成威胁.目前各国铊的环境安全标准存在差异.本文利用泥鳅红细胞微核技术,研究泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus红细胞微核率和核异常率与铊污染时间的关系,为该技术在铊毒理研究中的可行性和铊环境安全标准提供依据.结果表明:水体铊质量浓度为0.5μg·L~(-1)下,随处理时间的延长,泥鳅红细胞微核率、核异常率显著增加,并与时间呈显著的正相关,其中微核率、核异常率分别在处理24 h和48 h时达到最大值;随后两指标逐步下降,与时间呈显著的负相关.在此铊质量浓度和处理时间内,核异常率与微核率均显著高于空白无铊对照处理,表明水体铊质量浓度0.5 μg·L~(-1)对泥鳅血红细胞具有遗传毒性.

Correlation between genotoxicity of thallium in water and time on Misgurnus anguillicaudatus peripheral red blood cells

Thallium (Tl) is a toxic heavy metal. Water pollution of thallium released from thallium-con-mining mines will result the possible adverse environment effects and human health problems. But the current drinking water standards of thallium are different in many countries. In order to prove the reason-able and scientificalness of water standards of thallium, the relationships between genotoxicity of thallium andtime on Misgurnus anguillicaudatus peripheral red blood cells are studied. The results show that red blood cell micronuclei and abnormal nuclei rise companied by the treatment time increasing when thallium content is 0.5 μg·L~(-1) in water. Especially, frequencies of micronucleus and abnormal nucleus reach respectively the highest level after Misgurnus anguilli-caudatus were treated by thallium 24 hours and 48 hours. And the correlations between the frequencies of those and treatment time are positive significantly.When Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were treated by 0.5 μg·L~(-1) thallium in water from 6 to 96 hours, the frequency of red blood cell micronuclei and abnormal nuclei are significantly higher than those of control sample. That indicates that 0.5 μg·L~(-1) thallium in water has genotoxicity on Misgurnus anguillicaudatus peripheral red blood cells on some degree.