添加小麦秸秆对猪粪高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响

选用猪粪与小麦秸秆为堆肥原料进行高温好氧堆肥实验,研究添加小麦秸秆对猪粪高温好氧堆肥过程中堆体温度、pH值、种子发芽指数、碳氮比和养分等理化指标的影响,寻求猪粪高温堆肥时的最佳秸秆配比,旨在为猪粪快速资源化利用提供科学依据。结果表明,猪粪高温堆肥时添加小麦秸秆可以缩短进入高温发酵阶段的时间,减少氮素损失,加快C/N的降低速率,加速有毒有害物质分解。其中猪粪和小麦秸秆6∶4处理各层温度在2~5 d内上升至50℃,并持续37~46 d,在堆肥结束时,有机质和速效氮含量较堆肥初期下降幅度最小,分别为33.90%和23.76%,全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量较堆肥初期提高幅度最大,分别为13.34%、20.24%、53.19%、41.53%和16.57%。若以种子发芽指数80%作为堆肥腐熟的评价指标,猪粪和小麦秸秆6∶4配比堆肥的腐熟速度比纯猪粪快18 d,36 d即可腐熟。综合判断,实际应用中,猪粪与小麦秸秆按体积6∶4进行堆肥较为适宜。

Effect of wheat straw on maturing of pig manure high-temperature composting

Effect of wheat straw on the change of temperature, pH, germination index, the ratio of C/N,nutrient and other physical and chemical indexes were studied during pig manure high-temperature and aerobic composting with pig manure and wheat straw as raw materials, to seek the optimal ratio of wheat straw and pig manure high-temperature composting, to provide a scientific basis for pig manure rapid resource utilization. The results showed that during composting of the pig manure, adding wheat straw could short the time of reaching high-temperature fermentation, the loss of nitrogen decreased, the decline ratio of C/N enhanced, the decomposition of toxic and harmful substances accelerated. The every layer temperature of at 6:4 mixture of pig manure and wheat straw rose to 50℃ in 2 ～ 5 days, and high-temperature lasted for 37 ～ 46 days. At the end of composting, the decrease extent of organic matter and available nitrogen content were smallest compared with that at the initial stage,decreasing by 33.90% and 23.76%, respectively, the increase extent of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium content were greatest compared with that at the initial stage,increasing by 13.34%, 20.24%, 53.19%, 41.53% and 16.57% , respectively. Germination index 80% was used as the index of maturity of eomposting, the rate of maturity of at 6:4 mixture of pig manure and wheat straw faster than pure pig manure for 18 days, and it was reached maturity after 36 days of composting. Comprehensive analysis showed that 6:4 of pig manure and wheat straw was more suitable for composting in practical applications.