PM2.5和O3污染协同防控区的遥感精细划定与分析

针对地面站点监测数据难以支撑大气PM_2.5与O₃污染防控区边界划定的问题,融合大气污染浓度遥感估算建模与GIS统计分析模型,提出了一种基于PM_2.5和O₃浓度遥感估算结果的协同防控区精细划定方法,开展了2015~2020年月和年尺度的全国PM_2.5与O₃污染协同防控成效定量分析与防控区精细划定研究.结果表明,2015~2020年,我国PM_2.5浓度总体下降显著但O₃浓度基本持平,PM_2.5污染在秋冬超标严重,O₃污染则在春夏;同时PM_2.5与O₃浓度变化在空间上的不一致性显著,其中PM_2.5下降且O₃上升、PM_2.5与O₃均下降、PM_2.5与O₃均上升和PM_2.5上升O₃下降的面积占比分别为38.34%、35.12%、15.24%和10.89%.遥感精细划定范围显示,PM_2.5和O₃协同防控区域的边界具有显著动态变化特征,在时间变化上呈现先扩大后缩小的趋势,主体范围集中在"2+26"城市、汾渭平原、长三角北部和山东半岛.以PM_2.5或O₃单一防控为主的区域范围较为稳定,辽吉、鄂湘赣、成渝和塔克拉玛干沙漠-河西走廊区域需以PM_2.5防控为主,珠三角、长三角和环渤海湾部分区域则应以O₃防控为主.基于卫星遥感手段的PM_2.5和O₃协同防控区域边界精细划定方法可更好辅助国家PM_2.5和O₃协同防控策略制定需求.

Regionalization and Analysis of PM2.5 and O3 Synergetic Prevention and Control Areas Based on Remote Sensing Data

Site-based air pollution monitoring data cannot support the regionalization of air pollution prevention and control areas. Faced with this problem, this study proposed a method of regionalizing synergetic prevention and control areas based on multi-source remote sensing data and GIS spatial statistical analysis methods and carried out quantitative analyses of PM_2.5 and O₃ air pollution in China from 2015 to 2020. The results showed that there was an obvious decrease in PM_2.5 concentrations, and O₃concentrations remained stable; PM_2.5 pollution mostly occurred in autumn and winter, and O₃ pollution occurred in spring and summer. A significant spatial inconsistency was shown between the change rate of PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations, in which the proportions of PM_2.5 decreasing and O₃ increasing, PM_2.5 and O₃ both decreasing, PM_2.5 and O₃ both increasing, and PM_2.5 increasing and O₃ decreasing accounted for 38.34%, 35.12%, 15.24%, and 10.89%, respectively. The results also showed that the boundary of PM_2.5 and O₃ synergetic prevention and control areas was dynamic during 2015 and 2020, showing a trend of expanding from 2015 to 2018 and then becoming smaller after 2019. Generally, the scope of PM_2.5 and O₃ synergetic prevention and control areas was concentrated in "2+26" cities, Fenwei plain, north of the Yangtze River Delta, and Shandong. In contrast, the regional scopes of "PM_2.5 first" and "O₃ first" were relatively stable. Areas of "PM_2.5 first" were mainly carried out in Liaoning-Jilin, Hubei-Hunan-Jiangxi, Chengdu-Chongqing, and Taklimakan-Hexi Corridor, whereas "O₃ first" areas were mainly in specific regions of the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and surrounding areas of Bohai Bay. Remote sensing-based PM_2.5 and O₃ mapping has the advantages of full-coverage and fine spatial simulation, which can support the regionalization of synergetic prevention and control areas and implementation of policies.