化工储罐区空袭次生灾害危险性评价研究

根据化工储罐区及其遭空袭次生灾害的特点,以空袭次生灾害的影响范围作为危险性评价的标准,对化工储罐区的空袭次生灾害进行危险性评价。指出储罐遭空袭后的3种毁伤方式;给出储罐遭空袭发生的次生灾害及其扩散的形式与后果;阐述了化工储罐区空袭次生灾害的成灾机理;分别提出热辐射伤害、冲击波伤害和有毒有害物质扩散的危险性评价方法。以池火灾为例,建立了池火灾的危险性评价模型;论述了池火灾危险性评价的具体流程,并进行了案例分析,根据计算结果提出了相应的减灾对策。笔者认为,化工储罐区遭空袭后的次生灾害的危险性评价具有现实意义,对于化工园区、石化厂、危化品仓库等突发安全事故产生次生灾害的危险性评价同样具有重要的参考价值。

Research on the Risk Assessment of Secondary Air-raid Disasters in Chemical Storage Tank Area

According to the features of chemical storage tank area and the secondary air-raid disasters in it,the affected area of the secondary air-raid disasters is selected as the risk assessment standard. Three modes of damage,the types of secondary air-raid disasters and their diffusing manner and consequence are put forward. The mechanism for secondary air-raid disaster in chemical storage tank area is analyzed. The risk assessment methods for the damaging of heat radiation,damaging of bow wave,diffusing of toxic materials are set up. With pool fire as an example,its risk assessment model is constructed,the steps for the assessment are introduced,an illustration for this model is conducted,and countermeasures are presented based on assessment result. This study is very significant for the risk assessment of secondary disasters of chemical storage tank area after air-raid,and is of important referring value for the risk assessment of secondary disasters caused by paroxysmal accidents in chemical district,petrol-chemical plants and hazardous chemicals storage as well.