北京市燃煤的空气质量影响及其控制研究

建立了2005年北京市燃煤污染源排放清单,利用MM5-CMAQ模型计算了各区县各行业燃煤对北京市空气质量的影响。研究表明,2005年1月北京市燃煤源对各监测站点SO_2浓度的贡献在70%以上,对PM_(10)和NO_x浓度的贡献约为20%～40%和10%～30%;7月本地燃煤源对SO_2浓度的贡献在40%～50%左右。1月采暖锅炉对空气质量影响最大,占50%～70%;7月电厂的影响最大。依据北京市奥运空气质量保障方案以及"十一五"期间能源规划,建立了2010年燃煤污染源大气排放的规划情景,并模拟了各规划措施对大气质量的改善效果。通过实施电厂脱硫脱硝除尘、炼焦工业停产、钢铁行业和水泥行业搬迁减产、供热锅炉改造、平房用煤改造等措施,与2005年相比,SO_2平均浓度下降30%左右,NO_x和PM_(10)浓度的下降幅度15%。

Study on air quality impacts and control strategies of coal combustion in Beijing

Emission inventory of primary air pollutants from coal-combustion related sources was developed and MM5-CMAQ model was applied to analyze the impacts of coal combustion in each district and each sector on air quality in Beijing. It was found that the contribution of emissions from coal combustion in Beijing was 70% for SO_2, 20%～40% for PM_(10) and 10%～30% for NO, respectively in January 2005. In July, the contribution of coal combustion in Beijing to SO_2 concentration was only 40%～50% . Heating boilers, which accounted for 50%～70% of that from local coal-combustion sources, were the largest contributor in January while coal-fired power plants were the most important in July. Future coal combustion scenario was designed according to the air pollution control plan on air quality improvement of Beijing Olympics and the 11~(th) five-year plan of energy supply and use in Beijing. The improvement of air quality was simulated to analyze the effectiveness of control measures including reducing SO_2, PM, and NO_x emission from power plants, turning off coke production, moving of steel and cement plants, the replacement of small heating boilers, and reduction of residential coal consumption. The results indicated that average SO_2 concentration in January would decrease about 30% , however, the concentrations of NO_x and PM_(10) would decrease less than 15% compared with 2005 base case.