乙醇型发酵过程优化及代谢调控分子机制

乙醇型发酵是3种主要厌氧产酸发酵类型之一.乙醇型发酵细菌具有高产氢效率、耐酸性、自凝集生长和发酵产物可直接被产甲烷利用等优势，因此被广泛关注和研究.近年来，在乙醇型发酵产氢过程优化和代谢途径研究方面取得了大量进展.本文对乙醇型发酵产氢反应器优化和运行控制、高效产氢细菌分离和代谢调控分子机制，以及耦合系统强化能源回收等研究进展进行了综述.此外，本文提出了乙醇型发酵的可持续高效产氢及代谢产物的定向回收梯级利用的思路，探讨了乙醇型发酵制氢技术的发展趋势和未来应用中存在的问题.

Process optimization and molecular mechanism of metabolism regulation of ethanol-type fermentation

Ethanol-type fermentation is one of the three main fermentation types in acidogenesis of the anaerobic biological treatment. Comparing with the other two fermentation types, ethanol-type fermentation has a higher hydrogen production capacity and is beneficial to subsequent methanogenesis. The ethanol-type fermentation bacteria also have capability of autoaggregation and acidophilic growth. Therefore, ethanol-type fermentation have attracted extensive attention and investigations in recent years. New advances in ethanol-type fermentation have been made including optimization of reactor structure, regulation of operation parameter, isolation and identification of hydrogen-producing bacteria, analysis of molecular modulation mechanism and coupling ethanol-type fermentation with other systems, which ensures the stability of ethanol-type fermentation and greatly improves the efficiency of hydrogen production. In this review, the above research progresses of ethanol-type fermentation are summarized to provide effective regulation strategies for sustainable and efficient hydrogen production and targeted recovery of metabolites. The challenges and development prospects of ethanol fermentation in practical application are also discussed.