重大事故的应急救援预案编制技术

重大应急预案编制是安全生产的一项重要基础工作 ,对于提高应急救援能力 ,控制事故与灾害的恶化 ,保障人民安全具有重大意义。笔者从应急预案编制的技术层面上 ,论述了应急预案的基本框架和应急预案体系 ;认为该体系可以由 6个一级和 2 0个二级的核心要素构成。其中 ,应急策划是制定应急预案的技术基础 ,包括风险评价、资源分析和法律法规要求 3个二级要素 ;应急准备包括机构与职责、应急设备设施与物质、应急人员培训、预案演练、公众教育和互助协议 6个二级要素 ;应急响应是应急预案中核心的内容 ,包括现场指挥与控制等 1 1个二级要素。所提出的应急救援预案文件体系 ,建议一般按照四级文件形式的设想 ,应急预案的目标是提高整体应急能力 ;建议把应急预案的具体编制过程划分为 6个基本的步骤 ,对于预案编制与实施应实现持续改进的机制

Technique for drawing up Emergency Response Protocol for Severe Accidents

To draw up an emergency response protocol for severe accidents is the foundation of work safety. It is of great significance in improving the capability of emer gency response, controlling accidental disaster, and safeguarding the people's l ife. As to how to draw up a feasible emergency response protocol, the author con siders that the basic framework and the system of the protocol should include si x first grade core elements and twenty second grade core elements. Among them, e mergency response scheme is the technical basis for drawing up the protocol, whi ch includes risk evaluation, resource analysis and requirements of safety laws a nd regulations. Emergency response preparation includes 6-second grade elements , such as organization and responsibility, rescuing equipment and material, trai ning of rescue team, drill of the protocol, public education and mutual aid agre ement. Emergency response is the core of protocol, which comprises 11-second gr ade elements, including on-site command and control. The protocol text is bette r made into four levels document system, and its aim is to improve the comprehen sive ability of emergency response. The author also suggests that the process of drawing up the protocol should be divided into six basic steps making the drawi ng procedure and implementation to be a mechanism of sustainable improvement.