城镇居民不同收入阶层的基本需求及边际消费倾向研究

扩大城镇居民消费需求是推动我国经济发展方式转变的重要途径。了解城镇居民不同收入阶层的消费特征,有助于制定针对性的激励措施,改善政策的实施效果。本文采用2000-2009年中国城镇居民按收入水平分组的38项消费支出数据,运用改进后的扩展型线性支出模型,对不同收入水平的城镇居民基本需求、边际消费倾向及相关影响因素进行分析。结果显示:中低收入城镇居民的基本需求消费占其可支配收入的较大比重;食品和衣着是其基本需求消费的主要方面;并且在食品、衣着、交通通讯和居住上表现出较大的边际消费倾向。较高收入城镇居民的基本需求支出主要集中于享受型消费;在交通、在外用餐、文化娱乐、文娱用耐用消费品和住房上表现出较大的边际消费倾向。发展和享受型消费品的价格变动对中低收入居民的消费支出影响较大;收入水平的提高有利于城镇居民消费结构的升级。最后,针对不同收入水平的城镇居民,本文提出了刺激消费的差别化政策建议。

Primary Demand and Marginal Propensity for Consumption of Urban Residents with Different Income Levels

Expanding urban household consumption demands is an essential way to convert styles of economic development in China.So,illustrating the characteristics of urban residential consumption behaviors of different kinds of income levels is crucial for making consumption demand policies.This paper aims to analyze the primary demands,marginal propensity for consumption and impact factors of urban residents of different income levels,using the revised extended linear expenditure system with 38 items of consumption expenditure data from 2000 to 2009.The results demonstrate as following:1) for low and medium income levels,expense of primary demands in which food and clothing are predominate accounts for the large proportion of their disposable income,and marginal propensities to consume in residence,transportation and communication are obvious as well;2) for relatively higher income levels,major expense focuses on enjoyable consumption.Meanwhile,marginal propensities to consume in transportation,dining out,entertainments,durable goods for recreation and lodgings are significant;3) the fluctuation of prices of enjoyable goods affects both low and medium income levels much more than the relatively higher income level;4) the improvement of salary plays an important role in upgrading consumption patterns.Some targeted consumption-stimulating suggestions for different income levels are also proposed.