北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物健康风险评价

采用低温固体吸附采样,热脱附-气相色谱-质谱方法对北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行了观测分析,并利用国际公认的健康风险评价四步法评价模型,对北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物的健康风险进行了初步评价.结果表明,芳香族类的非致癌风险值在10-4～10-1数量级,卤代烃的非致癌风险值在10-4～10-5数量级,挥发性有机污染物的非致癌风险系数〈1,不会对暴露人群健康造成明显的非致癌危害.但苯的致癌指数较高（2.21×10-5）,超过了USEPA的建议值（1×10-6）,可能对人体健康造成潜在危害.在一年四季的健康风险中,冬季VOCs的健康风险最高,秋季次之,夏季最低.

Health Risk Assessment of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in Urban-rural Juncture Belt Area

A method for determining volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by cryogenic dynamic adsorption in solid adsorbent tubes, subsequent thermal desorption with cryofocusing in a cold trap and analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was adapted. An internationally recognized four-step evaluation model of health risk assessment (HRA) was adapted to preliminarily assess the health risks caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban-rural juncture belt area in Beijing. Results of HRA indicated that non-carcinogenic risk indexes of VOCs are below 1 and non-carcinogenic risk indexes of aromatic substances range from 10^-4-10^-5, halohydrocarbons in the 10^-4-10^-1. Volatile pollutants would not cause non-carcinogenic health hazard to exposed population. However, the cancer risk index exposed to carcinogenic benzene was 2.21×10^-5, which is higher than that suggested value of USEPA (1×10^-6) and may cause potential harm to human health. The greatest health risk is in winter, followed by autumn, summer minimum.