土壤功能与环境因素在海拔梯度上的耦合关系：以梅里雪山为例

土壤呼吸和胞外酶活是山地生态系统物质循环的重要组成部分，对维持土壤功能起到关键作用.为了探究土壤功能与环境因素在海拔梯度上的耦合关系，以海拔上气候垂直差异明显的梅里雪山作为研究对象，选取12个海拔高度采集36个土壤样本，通过测定土壤呼吸和胞外酶活等指标，分析土壤功能和环境因素之间的相关关系以及海拔、气候和土壤理化性质等对土壤功能的影响.结果表明，梅里雪山土壤呼吸和酶活在海拔上存在显著差异，整体上高海拔地区具有更高的土壤功能，土壤功能随着海拔升高差异增加.PCA分析显示前3轴分别解释了土壤功能海拔变化56.7%、 17.4%和8.7%的方差，表明在海拔上与碳磷相关的功能变化高于与氮相关的功能变化.环境因素与土壤呼吸和酶活存在显著相关关系，相比于气候因素，土壤理化性质对土壤功能的影响更大.海拔主要通过影响土壤理化性质和气候因素间接影响土壤功能.研究结果对提高梅里雪山山地生态系统的物质循环和生态功能的认识具有重要意义，为深入探讨山地生态系统土壤功能的海拔分布格局及演变特征提供了重要参考.

Coupling Relationship Between Soil Functions and Environmental Factors Along an Altitudinal Gradient: A Case Study of the Meili Mountain

Soil respiration and extracellular enzyme activity are important components of the material cycle of mountain ecosystems and play key roles in maintaining ecosystem functions. To explore the coupling relationship between soil functions and environmental factors, the soil functional indicators, environmental factors, and effects of altitude on the soil function of 36 soil samples from 12 altitudes of the Meili Mountain were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil respirations and enzyme activities among altitudes of Meili Mountain, and high-altitude areas had higher soil functions. Soil functions increased with altitudinal difference. PCA analysis showed that the first three axes explained 56.7%, 17.4%, and 8.7% of the variance in soil functional elevation change, respectively, indicating that the functional changes related to carbon and phosphorus were higher than those related to nitrogen. There were significant correlations between environmental factors and soil functional indicators; soil function indicators had stronger correlations with soil physicochemical properties than with climatic factors. Altitude mainly affected soil function indirectly by affecting soil physicochemical properties and climatic factors. These results have great scientific significance for improving the understanding of the material cycle and ecological function of the Meili Mountain ecosystem and provide an important reference for in-depth study of the altitude distribution pattern and evolution characteristics of the soil function of the mountain ecosystem.