不同外源硒在土壤中的有效性变化及其对小麦硒累积的影响

为明确作物对几种常见外源硒肥的吸收利用差异，通过盆栽试验研究了不同硒肥(硒酸钾、亚硒酸钾、 EDTA螯合硒、硒矿粉、粉煤灰和富硒秸秆)在土壤中的有效性变化及其对小麦生长和硒吸收分配的影响.结果表明，不同外源硒进入土壤后有效性的变化规律不同，硒酸盐、亚硒酸盐和EDTA螯合硒处理土壤有效硒比例显著高于对照(CK)处理，其它处理和CK处理无显著差异.小麦生育前期，硒酸盐、亚硒酸盐和硒矿粉处理土壤有效硒比例逐渐降低，至生育后期则趋于稳定，其他外源硒处理土壤有效硒比例则呈现先下降再升高的动态变化.土壤有效硒含量显著影响小麦硒吸收，两者呈显著正相关关系.施用硒酸盐显著提高了小麦籽粒和叶生物量，但其它硒肥对小麦生长无显著影响.小麦对不同外源硒的累积能力顺序为：硒酸盐>亚硒酸盐和EDTA螯合硒>硒矿粉、粉煤灰和富硒秸秆，施用硒矿粉、粉煤灰和富硒秸秆处理与CK处理无显著差异.施用硒酸盐后硒更易向茎、叶转运富集，而施用亚硒酸盐和EDTA螯合硒后硒更易向籽粒转运累积.

Availability Changes in Different Exogenous Selenium Fertilizers in Soil and Their Effects on Selenium Accumulation in Wheat

In order to understand the differences in the uptake and accumulation of several common exogenous selenium fertilizers by crops, a wheat pot experiment was conducted to study the availability changes in different selenium fertilizers (potassium selenate, potassium selenite, EDTA-chelated selenium, selenium powder, fly ash, and selenium-enriched straw) in soil and their effects on wheat growth and selenium uptake and distribution. The results showed that the change in availability of different exogenous selenium types in soil was different. During the whole growth period of wheat, the soil available selenium proportion of selenate, selenite, and EDTA-chelated selenium treatment was significantly higher than that of the control (CK), respectively, but there was no significant difference between the other treatments and the CK treatment. In the early stage of wheat growth, the soil available selenium proportion of selenate, selenite, and selenium powder treatment decreased gradually and tended to be stable in the later growth stage of wheat; however, the soil available selenium proportion of other exogenous selenium treatments showed a dynamic change of decreasing in the early period and increasing in the late period. The available selenium content in soil significantly affected the selenium uptake by wheat, and there was a significant positive correlation between them. Selenate application significantly increased the grain and leaf biomass of wheat, but other selenium fertilizers had no significant effect on wheat growth. The accumulation capacity of different exogenous selenium fertilizers for wheat followed the order of selenate>selenite, EDTA-chelated selenium>selenium powder, fly ash, and selenium-enriched straw. There was no significant difference between the selenium powder, fly ash, and selenium-enriched straw treatments and the CK treatment. Selenium was more easily transferred to and accumulated in the stems and leaves of wheat after the application of selenate, whereas selenium was more easily transferred to and accumulated in grains after the application of selenite and EDTA-chelated selenium.