广东省农业生态环境问题与对策

随着社会经济和城市化的快速发展，以及人口的剧增，广东省的农业发展正面临一系列严重的生态环境问题。这些问题包括耕地资源日益缺乏，农业环境污染日益严重，土壤肥力退化和水土流失仍未遏止，地区性的洪旱灾害频繁，森林生态系统简单而脆弱，外来物种入侵猖獗，等等。文章对这些问题进行了讨论，并提出了若干治理对策。认为要使广东省农业可持续发展，必须合理开发利用农业自然资源，严格控制非农业用地与人口增长，加强农业环境污染的防治，加强土壤肥力退化和水土流失的综合治理，发展节水农业，改善林分结构和生态服务功能。此外，认为还应加强外来物种的安全防范工作和科学研究，防止外来物种对农业生态系统的组成、结构和功能的破坏。

Ecological and environmental problems in agriculture in Guangdong, China

With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization, and the sharp increase in population, the development of agriculture in Guangdong, China, is confronted with a series of severe ecological and environmental problems, including the deficiency of farmland resources, the heavy pollution of agricultural environment, the degradation of soil fertility, the loss of soil and water, the frequent calamity of flood and drought, the simple and vulnerable forest ecosystems, the rampant invasion of alien species, and so on. This paper discusses these problems and puts forward some countermeasures. It is suggested that in order to make the agricultural development in Guangdong sustainable, the agricultural resources should be reasonably used, the occupation of land for non-agriculture and the population should be strictly controlled, the prevention and remediation of the pollution of agricultural environment should be strengthened, the soil fertility degradation and soil and water loss should be paid attention to, the water-saving agriculture should be developed, and the forest structure and ecological functions should be improved. In addition, the paper suggests that the precaution against alien species and the related researches should be reinforced, so as to prevent alien species from damaging the composition, structure and functions of the agricultural ecosystems.