水生态基准方法学概述及建立我国水生态基准的探讨（Methodologies for Deriving Water Quality Criteria to Protect Aquatic Life（ALC）and Proposal for Development of ALC in China: A Review）

水生态基准的研究和制定对于控制进入水环境污染物的种类和数量,保护水体生物多样性及整个水生态系统的结构和功能具有重要意义.论文对不同国家和地区现有的主要水生态基准推导方法进行了概述,并从基准保护目标、数据的收集与评估、基准的计算方法等几个方面对各国水质基准推导方法进行了比较.参照国外水质基准的推导过程及我国水生态系统的特征,探讨了合理可行的水生态基准保护目标、计算方法及推导流程,并对我国水生态基准的推导中可能存在的问题进行了讨论.

Methodologies for Deriving Water Quality Criteria to Protect Aquatic Life(ALC)and Proposal for Development of ALC in China: A Review

Water quality criteria have been used over years as an important component of water resources management to protect diversity of hydrobios and integrity of aquatic ecosystems.Many existing methodologies for deriving water quality criteria to protect aquatic life (ALC) are discussed in this review,but the focus is on a few that are widely accepted and used,or constitute newer methodologies that incorporate and improve upon the best features of prior methodologies.Existing methodologies are evaluated against recent research and reports on protection goal,ecotoxicity data issues,and criterion calculation techniques.A proposed approach for developing ALC in China and possible problems are also discussed,considering modification of existing methodologies and specified taxonomic diversity in China.