石油污染物对海底微生物燃料电池性能的影响及加速降解效应

海底石油污染物在缺氧环境下导致其生物降解过程缓慢,对海洋环境造成长期危害.本文利用海底微生物燃料电池(BMFCs)原理,尝试通过电催化作用提高海底石油污染物的降解速率.对比测试了含油电池装置(BMFCs-A)与无油电池装置(BMFCs-B)的电化学性能,研究了石油污染物对电池性能的影响;比较了含油通路(BMFCs-A)和断路状态下(BMFCs-C)的石油降解率和细菌聚集量,分析了BMFCs对石油污染物降解的加速作用.结果表明,BMFCs-A和BMFCs-B阳极的交换电流密度分别为1.37×10-2A·m-2和1.50×10-3A·m-2,最大输出功率密度分别是105.79 m W·m-2和83.60 m W·m-2,BMFCs-A装置的抗极化能力增强,交换电流密度提高近9倍,最大输出功率密度提高1.27倍.BMFCs-A和BMFCs-C阳极表面的异养菌数量分别是(66±3.61)×107CFU·g-1和(7.3±2.08)×107CFU·g-1,细菌数量增加了8倍,高的异养菌数量导致石油降解加速进行,BMFCs的石油降解率是自然条件下的18.7倍.BMFCs在电化学性能提高的同时,加速石油污染物的降解.本文同时提出了一种海底微生物燃料电池对石油污染物加速降解的新模式.

Effects of Oil Pollutants on the Performance of Marine Benthonic Microbial Fuel Cells and Its Acceleration of Degradation

Degradation of oil pollutants under the sea is slow for its oxygen-free environment which has caused long-term harm to ocean environment. This paper attempts to accelerate the degradation of the sea oil pollutants through electro catalysis by using the principle of marine benthonic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs). The influence of oil pollutants on the battery performance is innovatively explored by comparing the marine benthonic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs-A) containing oil and oil-free microbial fuel cells (BMFCs-B). The acceleration effect of BMFCs is investigated by the comparison between the oil-degrading rate and the number of heterotrophic bacteria of the BMFCs-A and BMFCs-B on their anodes. The results show that the exchange current densities in the anode of the BMFCs-A and BMFCs-B are 1.37×10^-2 A·m^-2 and 1.50×10^-3 A·m^-2 respectively and the maximum output power densities are 105.79 mW·m^-2 and 83.60 mW·m^-2 respectively. The exchange current densities have increased 9 times and the maximum output power density increased 1.27 times. The anti-polarization ability of BMFCs-A is improved. The heterotrophic bacteria numbers of BMFCs-A and BMFCs-C on their anodes are (66±3.61)×10⁷ CFU·g^-1 and (7.3±2.08)×10⁷ CFU·g^-1 respectively and the former total number has increased 8 times, which accelerates the oil-degrading rate. The degrading rate of the oil in the BMFCs-A is 18.7 times higher than that in its natural conditions. The BMFCs can improve its electrochemical performance, meanwhile, the degradation of oil pollutants can also be accelerated. A new model of the marine benthonic microbial fuel cells on its acceleration of oil degradation is proposed in this article.