松花江哈尔滨段水环境质量评价及污染源解析

为全面了解松花江流域哈尔滨段的水质污染状况，根据2015年松花江流域哈尔滨段丰水期、平水期和枯水期的水质监测数据，采用主成分分析（PCA）对水质污染现状进行综合评价，并根据主成分分析计算得到的相关数据进行APCS-MLR（绝对主成分多元线性回归分析），量化主成分对各污染物的贡献率.在评价过程中，充分利用ArcGIS软件对不同断面水质状况进行可视化表征，展现水环境质量的空间特征，更加直观地表达水质的区域差异性.结果表明:松花江哈尔滨段水体的主要污染物包括COD_Cr、TN和NH₃-N，丰水期第1主成分对其贡献率分别为69.97%、69.18%、74.23%，平水期为22.91%、22.21%、37.57%，枯水期为83.77%、83.60%、83.09%；6个断面中，朱顺屯断面的水质优于其他断面的水质，上游水质优于下游水质；研究水体水质总体上表现为丰水期优于枯水期.研究表明，污染物主要受到生活污水和该江段沿岸石化、汽车和造纸企业工业废水排放的影响.污染物主要来源于阿什河口内和呼兰河口内断面，干流水体水质优于支流水体. 

Water Environmental Quality Assessment and Source Apportionment in Harbin Section of Songhua River

In order to have a overall understanding on the status of water pollution in Harbin section of Songhua River, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the status of water pollution, according to the water quality monitoring data of the wet period, flow period and dry period in 2015. The multivariate linear regression of the absolute principal component scores (APCS-MLR) was performed to quantify the source contribution rate of each pollution factor, according to the data obtained from PCA. In the evaluation process, the water quality of different sections was visualized by making full use of the ArcGIS. It can also show the spatial characteristics of water environment quality better and describe the regional differences of water quality. The results show that the main pollutants in Harbin section of Songhua River include COD_Cr, TN and NH₃-N, the first principal component of the wet, flow, and dry period to the water level of its contribution ratio were 69.97%, 69.18% and 74.23%, 22.91%, 22.21% and 37.57%, 83.77%, 83.60% and 83.09%, respectively. In the 6 sections, the water quality of Zhu Shuntun section is better than that of other sections. The upstream water quality is better than the downstream water quality. In general, the study water is represented that the water quality of wet period is better than that of dry period. The research shows that pollutants are mainly affected by domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater discharge from the coastal petrochemical, automotive and paper industry. The pollutants mainly come from the inner section of the Ashe estuary and the inner section of the Hulan River estuary. The water quality of the main stream is better than that of the tributaries.