硅酸钙和生物腐殖肥复配对葱生长和镉吸收的影响

蔬菜的安全生产是切断镉通过食物链进入人体的关键环节.为研究硅酸钙和生物腐殖肥复配对葱生长和吸收镉的影响,在实际镉污染蔬菜地设计4种不同处理(T1:0.5%硅酸钙+0.5%生物腐殖肥、T2:0.5%硅酸钙+1.0%生物腐殖肥、T3:1.0%硅酸钙+0.5%生物腐殖肥、T4:1.0%硅酸钙+1.0%生物腐殖肥)及空白对照(CK),并分析不同条件下土壤pH、DTPA有效态镉、葱生物量和葱内镉含量随时间的变化.结果表明,4种处理均能提高土壤pH,降低土壤DTPA有效态镉含量,其中T3效果最明显,14、28、42和56 d时土壤DTPA有效态镉含量相对CK降幅分别为60.71%、49.54%、44.63%和58.94%;复配处理提高了葱地上部分生物量,其中T3和T4促进作用更显著,56 d时生物量增幅分别为107.19%和107.99%.不同处理对葱吸收镉的影响不同,56 d时,T4葱地上部分镉含量相对CK减少43.80%,有效减少植物对镉的累积,同时提高葱地上部分生物量,T4处理是较好的复配改良剂配比.

Effect of Calcium Silicate-biological Humus Fertilizer Composite on Uptake of Cd by Shallots from Contaminated Agricultural Soil

The safety of vegetable production is a key link in reducing cadmium consumption through the food chains. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of composite materials (calcium silicate-biological humus fertilizer) on the growth of shallots and the uptake of Cd by shallots from contaminated agricultural soil. Four treatments (T1: 0.5% calcium silicate+0.5% biological humus fertilizer; T2: 0.5% calcium silicate+1.0% biological humus fertilizer; T3: 1.0% calcium silicate+0.5% biological humus fertilizer; and T4: 1.0% calcium silicate+1.0% biological humus fertilizer) and a control group (CK) were adopted. The changes in soil pH, DTPA-extractable Cd, biomass of shallots, and cadmium concentrations in shallots over time under different treatments were analyzed. The results show that the application of composite amendments decreased the concentrations of DTPA-extractable Cd in the soil. In particular, after T3 treatment, the concentrations of soil DTPA-extractable Cd decreased by 60.71%, 49.54%, 44.63%, and 58.94% after 14, 28, 42, and 56 d, respectively. The biomass of the shallots aboveground increased significantly by 107.99% and 107.19% after T3 and T4 treatment, respectively. The composite amendments exhibited different effects on the uptake of Cd by the shallots from the soil, and the T4 treatment was the most effective in immobilizing Cd and inhibiting translocation of Cd into the shallots. The cadmium concentration in the shallots decreased by 43.80% after 56 d with the T4 treatment. In conclusion, T4 is the optimum treatment for soil cadmium immobilization.