有机负荷对垃圾沥滤液短程硝化系统影响及微生物相探析

以短程硝化系统为研究对象,实际垃圾沥滤液为反应物,序批式生物反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR)为基础,研究了短程硝化反应系统的启动过程及不同进水有机负荷对短程硝化系统的影响,并对经高有机负荷冲击后短程硝化系统恢复期污泥的脱氮功能基因和微生物群落进行分析.结果表明:采用实际垃圾沥滤液在较短的时间内成功启动了短程硝化反应系统,于第15.5 d时系统的氨氮去除速率(ARR)达到652 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1),亚硝酸盐积累率(NAR)达到91.4%.该系统在受高有机负荷冲击后,降低有机负荷,系统仍能恢复高效短程硝化反应.对受冲击后恢复稳定的短程硝化系统中微生物相进行分析,结果发现,短程硝化系统具有完整的脱氮功能基因(AOB amoA、nxrB、nirS、nor、nosZ).污泥中细菌主要功能菌属是索氏菌属(Thauera)和亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas),前者为异养菌,可进行反硝化,相对丰度为27.6%,后者是氨氧化菌(AOB),相对丰度为9.6%;此外,还存在一定比例的其他功能菌属.研究表明,采用短程硝化系统处理实际垃圾沥滤液,增强其脱氮效能具有潜在的研究价值.

Effect of organic loading on partial nitrification system for the treatment of fresh incineration leachate and analysis of microbial phases

This paper focused on the study of partial nitrification system based on sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for fresh incineration leachate treatment, which included investigating its start-up process and the effects of different organic loadings on the system. The functional nitrogen removal genes and microbial community were analyzed while the partial nitrification system after short-term shock with high organic loading. The investigation has indicated that the partial nitrification system was fast started-up in a short period of time using fresh incineration leachate, and achieved 652 mg·L^-1·d^-1 of ammonium removal rate (ARR) and 91.4% of nitrite accumulation after 15.5 days start-up. Partial nitrification in SBR can be recovered quickly by reducing influent organic loading after suffering the shock of high organic loading. The whole functional denitrification genes (AOB amoA, nxrB, nirS, nor, nosZ) were detected in this SBR system. The main functional bacteria groups were heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria-Thauera and autotrophic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) -Nitrosomonas with relevant abundances of 27.6% and 9.6%, respectively. This study showed that partial nitrification system for fresh incineration leachate treatment was of a potential scientific research value of enhancing its nitrogen removal efficacy.