广州市学龄儿童在校期间PM2.5暴露水平评价

采用便携式大气颗粒物采样器(MiniVol)和便携式颗粒物检测仪(pDR-1500)在2010年3月底至4月初对广州市某小学的室内外细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度进行了监测,并对学龄儿童在校期间活动模式进行了跟踪调查,评价了学龄儿童在校期间PM2.5暴露水平.结果显示该小学室内外日均PM2.5浓度范围为25.1~145.9μg/m3,室内PM2.5浓度略低于室外,两者呈明显的正相关关系(R2=0.65);室内实时PM2.5浓度结果表明非假期与假期存在差异.使用离子色谱分析了PM2.5的阴离子成分,其中NO3-和SO42-占阴离子成分总量的73%~95%.研究显示道路交通源是采样地点PM2.5主要来源之一.学龄儿童在校期间单位体重PM2.5日均潜在暴露水平为7.6μg/(kg×d),个体日均潜在暴露水平为246.8μg/d.

PM25 exposure assessment of school children at a primary school in Guangzhou, China

To assess PM2.5 exposure level of school children during school time, we collected indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples at a primary school in Guangzhou City from 2010-03-25 to 2010-04-05 by atmospheric particle sampler (MiniVol) and portable particle detector (pDR-1500), and investigated the activity patterns of pupils during the sampling period. The indoor and outdoor daily averages of PM2.5 ranged from 25.1 to 145.9μg/m3. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 was well correlated (R2=0.65). Real-time measurement of indoor PM2.5 was monitored and different diurnal variations were observed between weekdays and holidays. Anionic species were analyzed by ion chromatography. It was found that NO3- and SO42- accounted for the major part of anionic species (73%~95%). The results showed that vehicle source was one of the major sources of PM2.5 at the sampling site. The exposure of pupils to PM2.5 during school time was estimated using the indoor/outdoor PM2.5, the activity pattern and the inhalation rates of pupils. The results showed that the daily potential exposure level of PM2.5 was 246.8μg/d and the daily potential exposure level of PM2.5 per unit of body weight was 7.6μg/(kg×d) for school children.