海洋环境设备涂层老化和失效的影响因素研究

目的 研究海洋设备涂层老化和失效的影响因素。方法 选择现有海洋设备涂层进行户外暴露试验和实验室加速环境试验，分析防护涂层的失光度和色差变化规律。结果 在实验室条件下成功模拟了加速海洋环境中的涂料老化，加速试验结果与户外暴露结果相关性较高。在海洋自然环境下暴露6个月后，涂层失光率降低，暴露18个月后出现粉化。结论 利用紫外光老化和盐雾试验，设定合适的环境试验参数后，实验室加速环境试验可代替户外暴露试验，缩短试验周期。涂层的配套设计、涂敷的基材结构形状、涂层施工过程等因素可直接影响涂料的老化、失效，进而引起基体腐蚀。

Influencing Factors of Aging and Failure of Ocean Equipment Coatings

The paper aims tostudy the factors affecting aging and failure of ocean equipment coatings. The existing equipment coatings were selected for natural environmental exposure testing and laboratory accelerated environmental testing. The loss of light and chromatic aberration change of protective coatings were analyzed. Accelerated aging of coatings in the ocean environment was successfully simulated under laboratory conditions, and the accelerated test results were highly correlated with natural exposure results. After exposure to ocean environment for 6 months, the light lose rate of coating decreased, and powdering occurred after 18 months of exposure. After setting appropriate environmental test parameters through ultraviolet aging and salt spray tests, the natural exposure test can be replaced with laboratory accelerated environmental test to shorten the test period. The structure and shape of the substrate, the matching design of the coatings, the construction process and other factors can affect the aging and failure of the coatings directly, and thus lead to corrosion of substrate.