对稀土酸法冶炼污染治理的探讨

采用浓硫酸强化焙烧处理混合稀土精矿，产生大量的水、气、渣废弃物，平均每生产1吨稀土氧化物，将产生63000m^3的废气，200m^3的废水和1．4t左右的含放射性废渣。这些废弃物中含有大量有用化学物质，如：(NH4)2SO4 1．4t、NHCL3 2．2t、H2SO4约900Kg、HF 160Kg、BaSO4 230Kg和少量的HCL等，这些物质不易分离，提取困难，至今仍未实现有效的回收利用或处理处置，而基本全部排入环境，造成了严重的环境污染问题，制约着稀土工业的长期稳定发展。本文在长期治理技术研究、试验的基础上，结合现已成熟的治理技术和其它行业污染治理成果，概略的介绍了采用多种成熟技术的组合，分流分治的方法，根据各种污染源主要污染物的特性，以回收利用为目标，提出了稀土酸法冶炼污染治理的经济有效的途径，为全面根治稀土冶炼的污染总结出一条可行的途径。

APPROACH ON POLLUTION TREATMENT OF RARE-EARTH SMELTING WITH ACIDIC METHOD

Based on the long time researches and experiments about pollution treatment techniques, combined with the existing treatment techniques and treatment results of other fields, the various kind of combination of successful techniques and separately smelting methods are introduced briefly. According to the different characteristics of different pollution sources, in the pursuit of recovery and utilization, it stresses that the pollution treatment of rare-earth smelting with acidic method is effective and economic way to curb the pollution of rare-earth smelting industry.