原油在土壤中迁移及降解的研究

为了解原油在土壤中淋滤及降解的规律，剖析了大庆老油田开发区贮油池土壤含油状况，进行了自然植被不同类型土壤的浇油、室内原油淋滤模拟及栽培试验。结果表明：贮油池土壤原油淋滤深度绝大部分集中在0～30cm，以下原油明显减少（除沙化土壤外）；盐碱土集中在0～10cm；草甸黑钙土集中在0～50cm；柱内油水混合渗透试验，80％集中在0～20cm；原油覆盖土壤表面时清水淋渗较弱，在0～20cm内残留94％；加原油的土壤降解试验，平均降解59．92％，范围为53．94％～62．25％，盆栽试验平均降解61．99％，范围为55.12％～70．68％。

Research on the migration and degradation of crude oil in soil

To understand the patterns of leach and degradation of crude oil insoil,authors analyzed the soil of crude storage pools in aged oil development areas andcarried out experiments of pouring crude on different types of soil with growing naturalvegetation,simulating crude leach and cultivating plants in the soil indoor. The resultsshowed that the leaching depths of crude storage pool soil were mostly ranging within 0~30 cm and the leached crude were obviously decreasing below 30 cm except for sand-prone soil.The leaching depths of saline-alkali soil concentrated within the depth of 0~10 cm and those of black calcium soil in grassy marshland ,0 ~ 50cm, while 80% ofthose with mixed crude/water in testing columns,0~ 20cm.The fresh waterleacheddown comparatively shallower when the soil surface was covered by crude and 94% ofthe crude remained in soil was leached within the depth of 0~20 cm. The soil degrada-tion experiment with crude added in the field indicated that the degradation ratios rangedfrom 53. 94% to 62. 25%,averaging 59. 92% and those in cultivated pots ranged from55. 12 % to 70. 68 %,averaging 61. 99 %.