叶尔羌河流域平原区地下水污染风险评价

地下水污染风险评价是管理地下水资源和预防地下水污染的有效方法，采用DRSTIW模型对叶尔羌河流域平原区地下水脆弱性进行评价；采用因子分析对污染源解析量化，进行地下水污染负荷评价；采用兼顾开采价值和原位价值来估算地下水功能价值.采用熵权法和层次分析法确定综合权重，基于ArcGIS加权叠加功能生成地下水污染风险图.结果表明，研究区地下水脆弱性整体较高，地下水污染负荷和地下水功能价值整体较低，地下水污染风险整体偏低，高污染风险和较高污染风险区占研究区总面积的20.7%,主要分布在莎车县、泽普县、麦盖提县、图木舒克市和巴楚县西部等区域，含水层渗透能力强、地下水径流条件弱、地下水补给量模数大、植被覆盖率低和水岩相互作用强等自然条件加之频繁的人类活动如农业化肥的施用和工业、生活污水的排放等使得这些区域地下水污染风险较高.地下水污染风险评价为地下水监测网络的优化和地下水污染防治提供有力的数据支撑.

Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment in Plain Area of the Yarkant River Basin

Groundwater pollution risk assessment is an effective method to manage groundwater resources and prevent groundwater pollution. The DRSTIW model was used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability in a plain area of the Yarkant River Basin, and factor analysis was used to identify pollution sources for pollution loading evaluation. The functional value of groundwater was estimated by considering both the mining value and the in-situ value. The entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to determine the comprehensive weight, and a groundwater pollution risk map was generated based on the overlay function of ArcGIS software. The results showed that the natural geological factors such as large groundwater recharge modulus, wide recharge sources, strong permeability of soil surface and unsaturated zone, and shallow groundwater depth facilitated pollutant migration and enrichment, resulting in a higher overall groundwater vulnerability. Very high vulnerability and high vulnerability areas were mainly distributed in Zepu County, Shache County, Maigaiti County, Tumushuke City, and the eastern part of Bachu County. The pollution loading of groundwater was generally low, the main pollution sources were point source pollution caused by water-rock interaction, non-point source pollution caused by pesticides and fertilizers, and point source pollution caused by industry and life. The overall functional value of groundwater was low because of human economic activities, fine water quality, and good habitat quality. Groundwater pollution risk was generally low, and very high and high pollution risk areas accounted for 20.7% of the study area, mainly distributed in Shache County, Zepu County, Maigaiti County, Tumushuke City, and the western part of Bachu County. Natural conditions such as strong aquifer permeability, weak groundwater runoff conditions, large groundwater recharge modulus, low vegetation coverage, and strong water-rock interaction, coupled with frequent human activities such as application of agricultural fertilizers and discharge of industrial and domestic sewage, made the groundwater pollution risk higher in these areas. Groundwater pollution risk assessment provided strong data support for the optimization of the groundwater monitoring network and the prevention of groundwater pollution.