Reforming the CDM for sustainable development: lessons learned and policy futures |
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| Authors: | Emily Boyd Nate Hultman J. Timmons Roberts Esteve Corbera John Cole Alex Bozmoski Johannes Ebeling Robert Tippman Philip Mann Katrina Brown Diana M. Liverman |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK;2. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;3. School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;4. Center for Environmental Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;5. School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK;6. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK;7. Ecosecurities, 1st Floor, Park Central, Oxford OX1 1JD6, UK;8. Ecosecurities, Via Antonio Salandra 18, 00187 Rome, Italy;9. School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK |
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| Abstract: | The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has successfully demonstrated that market-based mechanisms can achieve some cost effective emissions reductions in developing countries. However the distribution of CDM projects has been extremely uneven across countries and regions, and a few technologies and sectors have dominated the early stages of CDM experience. This has caused some to question whether the CDM has fallen short of its potential in contributing to sustainable development. We review the broad patterns of CDM project approvals and evaluate 10 CDM projects according to their sustainability benefits. The difficulty of defining “sustainable development” and the process of defining criteria by individual non-Annex 1 governments has meant that sustainable development concerns have been marginalized in some countries. Given these observed limitations, we present possible CDM policy futures, focusing on the main proposals for a post-2012 climate regime. Five options for enhancing the sustainable development benefits in the CDM are discussed, including proactive approaches to favour eligibility of emission reduction projects which ensure such co-benefits. |
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