城市化背景下中国水电移民安置的政策选择——以龙滩水库为例

中国水电发展深受城市化的影响，因此水电移民问题应该放在城市化的大背景下来审视和解决，将沿海发达地区和主要大城市作为水电移民永久安置的主体之一。无论从水电移民产生地的生态条件和经济社会发展水平（即“推”的方面），还是沿海城市对劳动力的需要（即“拉”的方面），都存在着将水电移民彻底城市化安置的必要条件。通过龙滩水库的实例，给出一个政策组合和一个极端状态下的财务估算，说明移民问题彻底城市化解决的充分条件也是成立的，并在此基础上进一步讨论了非农安置的方式、户口准入、移民就业培训和多次安置选择等问题。

POLICY OPTIONS FOR THE RESOLUTION OF INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENTS DUE TO HYDRO PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF URBANIZATION IN CHINA——A CASE STUDY FROM LONGTAN RESERVOIR

Involuntary resettlements 〖JP2〗duo to grand hydro projects are the consequence of urbanization.Therefore,〖JP〗the issue should be analyzed,resolved in the context of urbanization.The metropolitan area in the east China should be one of major bases for resettlements duo to hydro projects.There is possibility to move these migrants out,either the ecological condition and social economic development in the areas from which migrants come (“pull” side),or the demand for labor in the metropolitan area in the eastern China (“push” side).There are a lot of researches dealing with these two sides respectively.The purpose of this paper tries to link the two sides and provide an operational measure through an integrated perspective to synthesize these references.Through the case of Longtan Reservoir,a package of welfare policies and a financial evaluation in the extreme condition (full urban resettlement for all agricultural migrants) are provided to show that full resettlement in the context of urbanization is also sufficient.The package of welfare is made of social security,9 year financial aid for children education,and low renting housing system.Based on the analysis,some issues are further discussed:non agricultural resettlement for agricultural migrants,threshold for admission to obtain urban identification (Hukou) and low renting housing system,professional and employment training for migrants,and shifts from two different resettlement ways (non agricultural and agricultural).