黄河三角洲湿地水域底栖动物群落结构及其时空差异

2009年5月、8月和11月调查了黄河三角洲河流、水库、养殖池塘等水域14个采样点的大型底栖动物群落多样性及其时空差异,并用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数对环境进行了评价。共采集底栖动物35种,隶属4门8纲25科31属,其中环节动物11种、软体动物7种、节肢动物16种和脊索动物1种;物种数均较少,3/4次少于3种,且近1/3次未采集到底栖动物,优势种及物种数均随季节波动而变化;栖息密度为0～22 000个/m2,平均为1 111个/m2;生物量为0～146 g/m2,平均为12.30 g/m2。结果表明,Shannon-Wiener指数均较低,仅9号站在8月>3(3.15),2/42次为2～3、8/42次为1～2、14/42次为0～1、5/42为0,且12/42次未采集到底栖动物,表明黄河三角洲湿地水域底栖动物群落比较脆弱,水质均受到不同程度的污染影响。

Community characteristcs and space-time variances of the water area macrozoobenthos in the Huanghe River Delta

Macrozoobenthic community characteristics and their space-time variances of different kinds of water areas(VIZ.river,reservoir and aquaculture ponds) were recorded in the Huanghe River Delta in May,August and November of 2009,respectively.The water quality was also estimated by the Shannon-Wiener index.There were 35 species,belonging to 4 phyla,8 classes,25 families and 31 genera of macrozoobenthos,which included 11 species of Annelida,7 species of Mollusca,16 species of Arthropoda and 1 species of Chordata.The number of macrobenthos was small as there being less than 3 species in 3/4 sampling sites.Both of the dominant species and the number of the species changed with the fluctuations of season.The inhabit density was between 0 and 22 000 ind/m2 with the mean value of 1 111 ind/m2 and the biomass density was between 0 and 146 g/m2 with the mean value of 12.30 g/m2.Most of the Shannon-Wiener index was small except 9# in August(3.15).2/42 of them was between 2 and 3 with 8/42 between 1 and 2,14/42 between 0 and 1,5/42 being 0 and being no macrobenthos at 12/42 of the samples.It indicated that most of the different water areas were polluted to varying degrees in the Huanghe River Delta.