中国海岛生态系统保护与开发综合权衡方法初探

应用生态学、生态经济学、环境地学等相关理论与方法初步探讨了海岛生态系统保护与开发宏观及局部区域层面的博弈权衡评估方法:从宏观战略层面提出了综合考虑海岛生态服务价值、开发适宜性、现有开发强度三个方面重要因素的区域准则,以判断哪些无人岛可以上岛开发哪些则需禁止开发,同时还能判断哪些有人岛开发不足可作为重点开发对象,哪些则开发过度需要限制开发和优化开发;从局部区域层面提出了海岛开发之前需要重点评估的供给功能、生命支持功能、生态调节功能、信息功能、干扰调节功能等的生态系统服务功能价值以及评估方法。这些博弈权衡评估方法对指导海岛有序开发以及实现海岛生态与经济共赢具有重要意义。

Method for tradeoff between development and cological conservation of Chinese island ecosystems

Based on the theories and methods related to ecology,ecological economics and environmental geography,method for tradeoff between development and ecological conservation of Chinese island ecosystems at both macro and local levels were developed.At macro level,we proposed a tradeoff matrix for the balance between development and ecological conservation of island ecosystems,which should consider the following three aspects: island ecosystem service value,development suitability and existing development intensity.With the tradeoff matrix,Chinese coastal islands were classified into four general development zones: optimal development zone,focused development zone,restricted development zone and prohibited development zone.Meanwhile,guidelines of development and ecological conservation for each general development zone were proposed in detail.At local level,this paper emphasized some key notes for valuation of island ecosystem services(such as life support functions,ecological adjustment function and information function) before implementation of local development projects.The proposed method for tradeoff between development and ecological conservation of Chinese island ecosystems at both macro and local levels is important to decision making for achieving at the goals of sustainable development of Chinese coastal islands.