秸秆高固体厌氧消化预处理实验研究

农作物秸秆含有大量难降解的木质素,难于直接被厌氧微生物利用,降低了高固体厌氧消化技术处理农作物秸秆的效率.本研究采用4种不同化学药剂浸泡的方法对秸秆进行预处理以破坏木质素结构、加快高固体厌氧消化的进程.实验分别利用浸泡液COD浓度、COD溶出总量和14 d加速产气实验结果来表征预处理效果,考察了预处理药剂种类、浓度,预处理时间、温度,秸秆种类及其破碎程度等因素对预处理效果的影响.结果表明,NaOH溶液是预处理效果最好的药剂,提高秸秆的破碎程度和预处理温度,同样能提高预处理效果.利用4 mg/L的NaOH进行秸秆预处理,14 d加速产气实验共产气约1?500 mL(10　g秸秆);预处理24 h后其浸泡液COD浓度达到39?000　mg/L.经过NaOH溶液预处理,秸秆中难降解木质素的含量从28%下降到19%,有利于提高高固体厌氧消化技术处理秸秆的效率.

Experimental Investigation of the Straw Pre-treatment to Enhance Its High Solid Anaerobic Digestion

The straw contains a high content of lignin, which cannot be well utilized by anaerobic bacteria in high solid anaerobic digestion process. This paper presents the experimental investigation of the straw pre-treatment, which aims to destroy the complex structure of the lignin to enhance its high solid anaerobic digestion. The straw is pre-treated in different solutions including NaOH, ammonia, H2SO4, and carbamide. The pre-treating effects are expressed by COD concentration dissolved in the solutions and the 14-day biogas generation in the enhanced aerogenic experiment. Different affecting factors, such as the concentration of the chemical solution, the species of the straw, the pre-treatment reaction time, the reaction temperature and the size of the straw, are investigated. The results show that NaOH solution is the most effective pre-treatment chemical among the four different solutions. The experimental results still indicate that the accumulative biogas production can be 1 500 mL (10 g straw) in 14 days after pre-treatment in 4 mg/L NaOH solution and the dissolved COD in the solution reaches 39 000 mg/L after 24 hours. In addition, the experiment shows that the lignin content in the straw is reduced from 28% to 19% after pre-treatment in 1.5% (in weight) NaOH solution, and it can improve the straw treatment efficiency using high solid anaerobic digestion process.