中国低碳试点城市碳排放效率时空演变与影响因素

中国提出2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和的战略目标,提高碳排放效率,推动绿色低碳发展是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。运用包含非期望产出的Super-SBM模型,测度了2003—2018年中国68个低碳试点城市的碳排放效率并分析其时空演变特征,运用面板回归模型分析城市碳排放效率的影响因素,得出以下结论：（1）低碳试点城市碳排放效率在时间上整体呈上升趋势,效率值从0.169上升至0.423,年均增长率为6.31%,仍有一定的提升空间。（2）低碳试点城市碳排放效率的区域差异呈先缩小后逐渐扩大趋势,空间上呈现“东中西”递减分布格局;从城市等级规模来看呈现“超大城市>特大城市>大城市>中等城市>小城市”特征。（3）经济发展水平、产业结构、城镇化水平、绿色技术创新与试点城市碳排放效率呈显著正相关,外资强度与碳排放效率呈显著负相关,各影响因素对三大地区和不同规模城市的作用程度存在一定的差异性。从创新投入、产业结构和区域差异化等方面提出对策建议,对促进城市绿色低碳发展和生态文明建设具有一定的借鉴意义。

Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency in low carbon city of China

China puts forward the strategic goal of achieving carbon peaks by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Improving carbon emission efficiency and promoting green and low-carbon development are important ways to achieve the "dual carbon" goal. The study uses the Super-SBM model that includes undesired output to measure the carbon emission efficiency of 68 low carbon cities in China from 2003 to 2018 and analyzes their spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. The panel regression model is used to analyze the influencing factors of urban carbon emission efficiency. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The carbon emission efficiency of low carbon city has shown an overall upward trend over time, from 0.169 to 0.423, with an average annual growth rate of 6.31%, and there is still room for improvement. (2) Regional differences in the carbon emission efficiency of low carbon cities show a trend of shrinking first and then gradually expanding, and a declining distribution pattern of "from eastern to central and western region" in space; the carbon emission efficiency of pilot city at various levels is characterized as "megacity > supercity > large city > medium-sized city > small city". (3) Economic development level, industrial structure, urbanization level, green technology innovation and carbon emission efficiency of a pilot city are significantly positively correlated, and the intensity of foreign investment has restrictions on urban carbon emission efficiency. There are some differences in the degree of influence of each factor on the three regions and cities of different sizes. The paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of innovation input, industrial structure and regional differentiation, which has certain reference significance for promoting urban green and low-carbon development and the construction of ecological civilization.