碳达峰碳中和目标下自然资源管理领域的关键问题

基于低碳目标创新自然资源管理体制,对于提升生态系统碳汇水平和自然资源支撑能力,推动经济社会中长期低碳转型具有重要意义。围绕“双碳”目标下的自然资源管理,九位专家分别从不同视角提出了创新自然资源管理的策略,为基于“资源要素—国土空间—生态系统”多层次视角构建低碳导向的自然资源管理体制提供参考借鉴。专家认为：未来应构建“双碳”目标下自然资源管理领域的系统性应对框架,建立健全自然资源“要素—空间—系统”多层次协同管理的体制机制;构建全域自然资源及国土空间碳循环监测网络和符合中国国情的碳核算标准体系,探索差别化国土空间管控方案;加强“自然—经济—社会”复合系统的资源流通管理,探寻基于资源优化管理的区域协同碳减排路径;将碳汇价值纳入碳交易和生态补偿体系,构建基于国土空间碳中和评价的区域横向碳补偿制度,推动区域协同减排和公平协调发展。

Key issues in natural resource management under carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality targets

The targets of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality will certainly promote the systematic revolution of China's economy and society. Natural resources are crucial materials and space carrier for human activities. Low-carbon-based innovation of natural resource management system and territorial space governance pattern is of great significance for enhancing ecosystem carbon sinks and resources supporting capacity, improving resource utilization efficiency, and promoting long-term low-carbon transition of the whole society. Focusing on natural resource management under the target of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, nine scholars put forward key strategies for the innovation of natural resource management, which mainly include resource coupling management, territorial space optimization and land control, fine farmland management, land use carbon metabolism regulation, ecological carbon sink system and sustainable forests management. This provides a vital guidance for the establishment of low-carbon natural resource management system based on multi-level perspectives of "resource elements-territorial space-ecosystem", which helps to comprehensively improve carbon sink/emission reduction function within the field of natural resources. Generally, the researchers suggested that the systematic response framework of natural resource management under the targets of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality should be established. The future top-level design should be strengthened to establish a multi-level collaborative management system of natural resources based on element-space-system. Carbon cycle monitoring network and carbon accounting standards system related to natural resources and territorial space with Chinese characteristics should be regulated. Resources coupling management, elaborative spatial management and land structure optimization should be strengthened to explore different territorial space control schemes. The management of resource circulation within nature-economy-society system should be improved to establish a net-framework for carbon metabolism and its regional nexus and realize regional coordinated carbon emission reduction based on resource optimization management. The carbon sink function of natural resources and territorial space should be stressed, which should be incorporated into the carbon trading and ecological compensation system. The regional horizontal carbon compensation system should be established based on carbon neutrality evaluation of territorial space to promote the coordinated emission reduction and development among different regions.