非农就业与土地流转对农户耕地撂荒行为的影响——以闽赣湘山区为例

耕地撂荒是世界各国长期普遍存在的一种土地利用变化现象。基于闽赣湘山区640户农户调查数据,运用Tobit和IV-Tobit模型回归分析得出：农户家庭非农就业每提升10%,耕地撂荒占比会增加1.11%;小规模农户土地转入会提升其耕地撂荒规模,此时扩大经营规模对耕地撂荒的减缓作用甚微,而土地转出会降低非农就业对耕地撂荒的正向影响。此外,农户的劳动力、土地与农业机械等要素投入,以及灌溉条件和地块数等均稳健影响其耕地撂荒行为。农业机械化和土地流转是缓解山区耕地撂荒的重要举措,政府在推动经营规模扩大的同时,应着重提高地块规模,鼓励留村务农劳动力换工,并提升农机社会化服务水平,以及拓宽农户家庭多元化的收入机会。

Impact of non-agricultural employment and land transfer on farmland abandonment behaviors of farmer: A case study in Fujian-Jiangxi-Hunan Mountainous Areas

Farmland abandonment is a land use change phenomenon that has long been prevalent in countries around the world. Based on data from a survey of 640 farming households in Fujian-Jiangxi-Hunan Mountainous Areas, regressions using the Tobit and IV-Tobit models show that for every 10% increase in non-farm employment of farming households, the proportion of cultivated land abandoned increases by 1.11%. Land transfer of small-scale farmers will increase their farmland abandonment scale. At this time, expanding the scale of operation will have little effect on alleviating farmland abandonment, and the land transfer will reduce the positive impact of non-agricultural employment on farmland abandonment. In addition, there are factors that have stable affect on farmland abandonment of farmers, namely, labor input, land input, agricultural machinery input, irrigation conditions, and the number of plots. Agricultural mechanization and land transfer are important initiatives to alleviate farmland abandonment in mountainous areas. While promoting the expansion of the scale of operations, the government should focus on increasing the size of plots, encouraging the exchange of labors for farming in villages, and improving the level of socialized agricultural machinery services, as well as broadening diversified income opportunities for farming households.