基于资源环境保护的清澜港红树林海岸塑料污染特征

红树林是海洋底栖生物的栖息产卵地和生物基因库,是阻挡陆源污染物入海的生物防线。塑料污染可对海洋生物造成机械伤害、毒理作用,威胁红树林生态系统的健康与稳定。通过野外踏勘和海上作业,在海南岛清澜港红树林海岸采集大塑料垃圾和海水、沉积物、底栖生物样品,采用目视鉴别和体视显微镜、显微傅里叶红外光谱仪鉴定分析研究区资源环境的塑料污染特征及来源。结果表明：大塑料垃圾主要来自于塑料袋和泡沫等生活与渔业垃圾;微塑料有碎片、纤维、线状、薄膜、颗粒和球形六种形态,多为大塑料经日晒和海水动力作用形成的碎片,人造纤维占比最高,为37.91%。研究可为红树林海岸塑料污染管控与综合治理提供决策依据,以实现红树林海岸资源环境有效保护。

The characteristics of plastic pollution of Qinglan Port along the mangrove coast to realize resources and environmental conservation

As important habitats, mangroves are a pool of benthic spawning genes and the biodefense line that intercepts continental pollutants. Ocean plastic pollution could lead to serious physical and toxicological effects on marine life and further threaten the stability and well-being of mangrove biodiversity. This study adopted methods of quantitative field observations and qualitative marine sampling. We, taking Qinglan Port, Hainan Island as the study area, collected marine waste, sediment and benthic organisms as the subjects of research. Visual identification, stereomicroscope observation and infrared spectrum analysis were used during the process to analyze features and sources of serious plastic waste. The findings show that the main plastic wastes include plastic bags, foams and fishing waste. Microplastics are a combination of flakes, fibers, lines, films, particles and spherical shapes, most of which are fabrics as a result of physical compression. The purpose of this study is to provide decisive suggestions to the government departments concerned for management and policy development to ensure maximum protection of mangrove forest habitats and their surrounding environments.