基于理想参照系和关键指标的自然保护区生态系统质量评估——以额尔古纳、辉河和锡林郭勒国家级自然保护区为例

为了增强自然保护区内和保护区间的生态系统质量评估结果的可比性,基于“理想参照系和关键指标”的理念,提出量化关键指标阈值和生态系统质量的算法,并以额尔古纳、辉河和锡林郭勒国家级自然保护区为例开展具体的评估工作。研究发现：（1）额尔古纳保护区生态系统质量指数（84.59）显著高于辉河（69.26）和锡林郭勒保护区（63.41）。（2）三个保护区不同功能区间的生态系统质量指数无显著差异。（3）2000—2018年,额尔古纳和锡林郭勒保护区的生态系统质量指数均呈显著上升趋势,但辉河保护区无明显变化。本文提出的评估方法能科学、快速地评估自然保护区生态系统质量现状及变化,可量化其恢复潜力,并能实现评估结果间的比较,为保护区建设和管理提供参考。

Assessment of ecosystem quality in nature reserves based on ideal references and key indicators: A case study of Erguna,Hui River,and Xilin Gol National Nature Reserves

Nature reserves play important roles in protecting biodiversity and maintaining national ecological security. To enhance the comparability of ecosystem quality within and among nature reserves and to further develop the ecosystem quality assessment method, we propose to use algorithms to quantify key indicator thresholds and ecosystem quality based on the concept of "ideal reference system and key indicators". We used Erguna, Huihe River, and Xilin Gol National Nature Reserves as examples to analyze the ecosystem quality within and among nature reserves. The results showed that: (1) The ecosystem quality in Erguna Nature Reserve was excellent, and its ecosystem quality index was significantly higher than that of Huihe River and Xilin Gol Nature Reserves. (2) There was no significant difference in the ecosystems quality index between the different functional areas of the three national nature reserves. (3) The ecosystem quality indexes of Erguna and Xilin Gol Nature Reserves from 2000 to 2018 showed a significant upward trend, however, there was no significant change in the ecosystem quality index of Huihe River Nature Reserve. The evaluation method proposed in this study can be used to quickly and efficiently evaluate the ecosystem quality and restoration potential of nature reserve, as well as to provide reference for standardized construction and management of nature reserves.