长江三角洲跨界流域生态产品交易机制——以天目湖流域为例

生态价值多元化实现是落实区域一体化生态保护格局的经济政策保障。针对当前生态产品交易制度不完善与市场活跃度问题,以天目湖流域水质净化服务产品为例,提出一条生态保护市场化与生态产品增值的双向促进道路：基于长序列监测数据与水文水质过程模型,提出流域生态保护基准概念及其约束下生态产品交易边界,精准核算基准年水质净化产品的可交易量为1.37 t,基准价格为1186.71万元/t/年;面向近10年产品实际供需主体的内在联系,揭示了“三类五种”生态产品交易机制类型,并选择设计了低端产品退出—高端产品激励的典型交易模式。生态产品交易实施为研究区生态价值实现提供市场化路径,为国内同类地区一体化生态保护格局保障提供思路。

Ecosystem service products trading in the transboundary basin of the Yangtze River Delta: An example of Tianmu Lake Basin

Realizing ecosystem service value is the prerequisite of the integrated implementation of regional ecosystem pattern. With the rapid development of China's economy, there are fewer ecological products that can meet people's increasing demand of better life. Guided by the conviction that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, we advocate the priority of ecological protection and the new requirements for the realization of the value of ecological products; however, the problems such as inaccurate definition of ecological products and obstacles of trading mechanism are still prominent. The paper took Tianmu Lake Basin as an example and proposed a two-way interaction between the marketization of ecological protection and the improvement of ecological products value. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) The ecological products of water quality purification service were dominant in the study basin, which equaled the surplus part of the water quality purification service capacity subtracting the safety baseline part for the ecological health benchmark. (2) Based on the distributed hydrological model and water quality model of pollutant transport process, the supply and bottom price of ecological products were accurately calculated. The supply of water quality purification service products was estimated to be 1.37 tons, and bottom price was 11.87 million yuan/t/a, and the zonal price was between 11.87-71.05 million yuan/t/a. (3) According to the relationship between supply and demand of ecological products during the past 10 years, we identified five types of ecological trading mechanism, namely, the transboundary basin compensation (type A1), the ecological restoration (type A2), the agricultural abandonment for non-point source pollution (type B1), the agricultural management for non-point source pollution (type B2), and the ecological benefit payment (type C1). Then we designed a typical trading model between the freshwater shrimp cultivating abandonment and the leisure industry urgement: proposing the definition method of ecological products under the watershed ecological protection health benchmark and the trading unit transforming from non-point source pollution into point source, and realizing the multi-agent trading mechanism. This study was an innovative practice to use the international Payment Ecosystem Servives mechanism in China, which has generated multiple targets, including regional ecological value enhancement, economic benefit and the action of load-reducing for government environmental protection. It also provides a reference for the realization of the ecological product values in areas with developed economy and excellent ecological environment.